THE PROPHET MUHAMMED’S APPROACH TO
PATIENT IN THE CONTEXT OF SPIRITUAL
SUPPORT
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Keywords (Original Language):
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Abstract (2. Language):
Spiritual care towards the patients has been professionally applied in
American and European hospitals for almost forty years. There is an
increasing interest in this subject. Academic articles have been published
until now on the issue, and they still continue being published in the
literature. However, problems have been confronted in the adaptation of
these applications to Muslim patients in both Western countries and Muslim
countries. Some drawbacks have been determined especially in terms of
qualified personnel and literature. The spiritual care given by the Prophet
Muhammad are like a hidden treasure inside thousands of reports.
Nevertheless, the compilation, interpretation and explanation in a current
way of the Prophet’s these applications are of capital importance. In this
study, the Prophet’s applications, which can be considered as spiritual care,
are tried to be determined and within this context, some hadith that can be
used as religious reference during application will be brought into the
forefront for those who are in charge of spiritual care in hospitals.
I studied on this article by reviewing a part of my doctorate thesis which I
completed in 2015 called “Spiritual Care for Patients in Hadith”. In the
mentioned thesis, I researched the inculcation and the consolation for the
patients by basing on today’s patient psychology and the issues that make
the patients worried and make them live stress and depression. Moreover,
the determination of what methods the Prophet used in the approach to the
patients and of his actual and verbal attitude in the visit of patients are of the
aims of this the thesis. The searching of whether the hadith can be applied in
today’s world as well as analyzing their variants, contexts, validity levels and the interpretations in their exegesis, and finding out their relations to the
Islamic works of the later periods on this issue and determination of whether
there is a relation of these hadith to Islamic moral philosophy are also among
the aims of this study. The problem of how it can be determined whether a
patient recovered spiritually, which is one of the most significant deadlocks
of Psychology and Psychiatry, is tried to be answered in this thesis. By taking
applications in some hospitals into consideration, the solutions which were
suggested by the Prophets for the problems, against which the modern
medicine is incapable, centuries ago are mentioned, and moving from the
patients’ psychology the consolations presented by the hadith into the
spiritual worlds of the patients are investigated and the Prophet’s spiritual
care for the patients are systematically tried to be determined.
In this article, the spiritual care of the Prophet towards the patients will be
handled, and his spiritual care about belief, pray and other issues will be
handled in other studies. When the hadith in this section are viewed, it will
be seen that the “psychological” spiritual care the Prophet applied to the
patients has three stages. In the first stage, he resolved the psychological
condition of his interlocutor by listening. In the second stage, in accordance
with the patient’s psychological condition, he gave the patient moral support
and in the third stage, he directed the patient to a new point of view. Within
this context, in the second chapter of this study, which is after the
introduction chapter, the Prophet’s method of listening and understanding
the patients will be examined. In the third chapter, his consolation and
motivating to the patients will be examined and in the fourth chapter his
applications about directing the patients will be examined. In the final
chapter a general evaluation will be made.
About the listening method of the Prophet, the listening and understanding
the patients applications, which are widely used in today’s psychotherapies,
have been stressed with the report of his regular visit to Sa’d b. Muaz, who is
one of his companions, and his listening to Sa’d. The reports, which are told
within this topic, not only show the importance of listening the patients in
Hadith, but also stress the necessity of understanding the mind and opinions
of the patient before giving him spiritual care along with developing a plan
and program according to it.
Under the topic, the Prophet’s consolation and moral support to the patients,
the reports telling his inculcation with soft words and his approach in
accordance with their psychological conditions have been assessed. The
Prophet gave capital importance to the speaking of soft words when together with patients and showed that in his actual applications. He perseveringly
stressed that this issue not be taken lightly by saying that these soft words
are like prayers. The research of this issue from Ibn Sina to today’s world
under special topics increase the priority of the reports in terms of spiritual
care.
Under the topic, the Prophet’s directing the patients, the subject of the
Prophet’s changing the opinion of the patients towards the troubles and
calamities has been assessed. Under the light of the reports mentioned under
this topic, the patient assigns a meaning to the troubles and calamities he
experienced and by this way he feels psychologically relaxed. Hereby, he
finds a moral support with the good tidings that the religion he believes in
gives to him. Another subtopic under this topic is the reminding of greater
troubles and calamities to the patients. It is reported in Quran and Hadith by
telling the parables of the people who previously experienced greater
troubles that there is an example and consolation for those who experience
similar troubles. Another method the Prophet applied is to direct the patients
to information. As a person’s being knowledgeable about not only himself,
but also the universe and the actual existence would ease the understanding
of the issues that are experienced, it would also make the person hold cheap
the troubles he lives. For this reason, the Prophet’s “asking for the ultimate
truth to make himself underestimate the troubles” confronts us as a
significant information in terms of moral support. Another topic is to
encourage patients to take precautions and consider the reasons. Taking
precautions in terms of spiritual care should be regarded as the saving of
both spiritual balance and physical health. The advices to be made to patients
about this issue should be in the direction of taking all the required
precautions in order not to catch the illnesses.
As a result, the reports about the patients and the illnesses should not make
us refer to illnesses as encouraging. When the most of the reports are taken
into consideration, what really matters is to be healthy and to wish health
and wellness all the time. However, illness has always been a real part of life.
In order to get rid of this condition in the most appropriate way, both
physical and spiritual care is needed. In this study, some of the Prophet’s
advices, which we regard not as medicine but as spiritual care, are evaluated.
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Abstract (Original Language):
Hastalara yönelik manevi destekler (Spritual Care/Seelsorge) yaklaşık kırk yıldır
Avrupa ve Amerika hastanelerinde profesyonel olarak uygulanmaktadır. Bu
konuda artan bir ilgi söz konusudur. Literatürde de konuyla ilgili akademik
makaleler yayınlanmış ve yayınlanmaya devam etmektedir. Ancak bu
uygulamaların Müslüman hastalar için uyarlanmasında hem batı ülkelerinde
hem Müslüman ülkelerde problemlerle karşılaşılmıştır. Özellikle yetişmiş
eleman ve literatür açısından eksiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Hz. Peygamber’in
hastalara vermiş olduğu manevi destekler, binlerce rivayetin içinde saklı birer
hazine gibidir. Ancak bu nebevî uygulamaların derlenmesi, yorumlanıp güncel
manada anlamlandırılması önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Hz. Peygamber’in
hastalara yönelik manevi destek olarak nitelendirilebilecek uygulamaları tespit
edilmeye çalışılacak, bu bağlamda hastanelerde hastalara yönelik manevi destek
vermekle görevli olanlara, uygulamada dinî referans olarak kullanabilecekleri
hadisler ön plana çıkarılacaktır.
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