1. World Health Organization, Sexual and
reproductive health of women living with
HIV/AIDS. 2006.
2. Ethiopia MOH, Single point HIV prevalence
estimate, Tigray June 2007.
3. IMAP Statement on dual protection against
unwanted pregnancy and sexual transmitted
infections including HIV, IPPF International Medical
Advisory Panel, 2000.Int. Plan. Parent, Fed. Med
4. Morges, Switzerland, Strategic approaches to the
prevention of HIV infection in infants: World
Health Organization (WHO). 2002 Mar 20-22.
5. Cohen SA. the role of contraception in preventing
HIV, Hiding in plain sight: . Guttmacher Policy
Review. 2008; 11(1):2-5.
6. USAID Issue Brief. Adding family planning to
PMTCT sites increases the benefits of PMTCT.
2003.
7. Sweat MD, O`Reilly KR, Schmid GP, Cost
effectiveness of Nevirapine to prevent mother to
child transmission of HIV in eight African countries,
AIDS. 2004; 18(12):1661-71.
8. United Nations, “Millennium development goals,”
http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/.
9. World Health Organization, Trends in Maternal
Mortality: 1990 to 2008, World Health
Organization, Geneva, Switzer land, 2010.
10. Guttmacher Institute, Facts on Investing in Family
Planning and Maternal and Child Heath, New
York, NY, USA, 2010.
11. D. Hubacher, I. Mavranezouli, and E. McGinn,
“Unintended pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa:
magnitude of the problem and potential role of
contraceptive implants to alleviate it,”
Contraception, 2008.vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 73–78,
12. World Health Organization, PMTCT Strategic Vision
2010– 2012, World Health Organization,
Geneva, Switzerland, 2010.
13. Andia I, Kaida A, Maier M, Guzman D, Emenyonu N,
et al. Highly active antiretroviral therapy and
increased use of contraceptives among HIV positive
women during expanding access to
antiretroviral therapy in Mbarara, Uganda. Am J
Public Health, 2009, 99: 340–347.
14. Macro International Inc. Calverton, Maryland USA,
Trends in Demographic and Reproductive
Health Indicators in Ethiopia, January 2007
15. Back ground of Tigray region, available at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigray Region,
accessed on June 20, 2012
16. Carla J.et al., Modern Contraceptive and Dual
Method Use among HIV Infected Women in Lusaka,
Zambia, Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and
Gynecology, July 2011, ASrticle ID 261453, 8
pages doi:10.1155/2011/261453
17. EDHS Preliminary Report Central Statistical Agency,
MEASURE DHS, ICF Macro Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
2011
18. National Guideline for Family Planning Services in
Ethiopia, Ministry of Health October, 2011
19. Girum Z. Unmet Reproductive Health Care Needs
and Occurrence of Unintended Pregnancy among
HIV Positive Women in Antiretroviral Treatment
Units in Addis Ababa, 2011
20. Elul B, Delvaux. Pregnancy desires and
contraceptive knowledge& use among
PMTCT, International Center for AIDS Care and
Treatment Programs, 2009, 23(1)19-26
21. Hoffman I, Martinson F, Powers K, Chilongozi A,
Msiska E, et al. The year-long effect of HIVpositive
test results on pregnancy intentions,
Contraceptive use, and pregnancy incidence
among Malawian women. J Acquir Immune Defic
Syndr, 2008, 47: 477–483.
22. Largesse T., Assessment of Fertility Desire and
Family Planning Utilization among HIV positive
people who are on antiretroviral treatment, grey
literature, 2011
23. Adair T. Unmet need for contraception among HIVpositive
women in Lesotho and implications for
Samiullah et al., ARPB, 2013; Vol 3 (III) ISSN 2250-0774
(RESEARCH ARTICLE)
480 | P a g e w w w . a r p b . i n f o
mother-to-child transmission, J Biosoc Sci, 2009,
41:269–278
24. Kaida A, Laher F, Strathdee SA, Money D, Janssen
PA, et al. (2010) Contraceptive Use and Method
Preference among Women in Soweto, South Africa:
The Influence of Expanding Access to HIV Care
and Treatment Services PLoS ONE 5(11): e13868.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013868)
25. Central Statistical Agency, Ethiopia and ORC Macro:
Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey
(EDHS) 2005. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton,
Maryland, USA: Central Statistical Agency and
ORC Macro; 2006.
26. Wesenyelesh T., Fertility desire and family planning
demand among HIV positive men and women in
follow up care, grey literature, 2011
27. Lidya T., Mengesha A., Assefa G., Fertility desires
and family planning demand among HIV-positive
clients in follow-up care at antiretroviral treatment
unit in Gondar university hospital, Ethiopia,
Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies: An
International Interdisciplinary Journal for
Research, Policy and Care , 2012 ,(7),20-35
28. Sarna A, Luchters S, Shikely K, et al. Fertility
preferences and family planning experiences
among ART clients in Mombasa, Kenya. Linking
Reproductive Health, Family Planning, and
HIV/AIDS in Africa, Conference Proceedings, Addis
Ababa, 9–10 October 2006. At: www.jhsph.
Edu/gates institute/CR/FP-HIV-Presentations)
29. Myer L, et al. Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on
Incidence of Pregnancy among HIV- Infected
Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cohort Study. PLoS
Med. 2010; 7:1–10
30. Myer L, Morroni C, Rebe K. Prevalence and
determinants of fertility intentions of HIV- infected
women and men receiving antiretroviral therapy in
South Africa. AIDS Patient Care and
STD's.2007;21(4):278–285.)AND
31. Sarna A, Luchters SMF, Geibel S, et al. Sexual risk
behavior and HARRT: a comparative study of
HIV-infected persons on HAART and on preventive
therapy in Kenya. Int J STD & AIDS, 2008; 19:85–
89
32. N. M. Ncube, J. Akunna, F. Babatunde, et al., “Sexual
risk behavior among HIV-positive persons in
Kumasi, Ghana,” Ghana Medical Journal, vol. 46, no.
1, pp. 27–33, 2012
33. Dabral, S and S.L. Malik, 2004. Demographic study
of Gujjars of Delhi: IV, Kap of family planning, J.
Hum. Ecol., 16(4): 231-237.).
34. Bizuneh G, Solomon S, Yilma M. Unmet need and
evaluation of program options to meet unmet
need for contraception in Ethiopia: further analysis
of the 2000 and 2005 Ethiopia Demographic and
Health Survey 2008. [Internet] [Cited 2011 Jul 15].
Available from:
http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FA62/FA
62.pdf.
35. R. K. Wanyenze, N. M. Tumwesigye, R. Kindyomunda
et al., “Uptake of family planning methods and
unplanned pregnancies among HIV-infected
individuals: a cross-sectional survey among
clients at HIV clinics in Uganda,” Journal of the
International AIDS Society, vol. 14, no. 1, article
35, 2011
36. Polis C.B., Gray R.H., Lutalo T., Nalugoda F., Kagaayi
J., Kigozi G., Kiwanuka N., Serwadda D., Wawer
M.J. (2011).Trends and correlates of hormonal
contraceptive use among HIV infected women in
Rakai, Uganda, 1994-2006. Contraception, 83:6
(549-555)
Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com
