You are here

Girişimci yönetim biçimi ve finansal performans ilişkisi: Çanakkale Bölgesi'nde faaliyet gösteren otel işletmelerinde bir araştırma

The relationship between entrepeneurial management and financial performance: Evidence from the hotel industry in Çanakkale Region

Journal Name:

Publication Year:

Abstract (2. Language): 
It is aimed in this study to present the relationship between the entrepreneurial management (i.e. the management philosophy of an organization’s overall internal management systems and organizational processes encouraging strategic agility, flexibility, creativity and continuous innovation, which lets the organization follow a selected marketing strategy and play the ‘game’ better than its competitors/dictates its ‘game’) and financial performance. With a literature review, an empirical study has been conducted on hotel businesses in Çanakkale Region in Turkey with Pearson and Spearman Correlations as well as multiple linear regressions to present the relationships between entrepreneurial management, which aims to stimulate all individuals, regardless of their hierarchial levels, in an organization to think and act like entrepreneurs to achieve above-average returns in the long run, and financial performance. The study reveals that there is a positive relationship between strategic orientation with satisfaction of overall financial performance, ROE and change in assets; resource orientation with satisfaction of overall financial performance and ROE; reward system with satisfaction of overall financial performance, ROI, change in sales, net profit margin, net profit level, net profit from operations and ability to fund growth as well as entrepreneurial culture with ROI and change in sales. Furthermore, the findings suggest that growth orientation is the most important variable to contribute the financial performance.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu çalışmada, “bir örgütün seçmiş olduğu pazar stratejisini gerçekleştirmesine ve oyunu rakiplerinden daha iyi oynamasına/kendi oyununu dikte etmesine izin veren içsel yönetim sistemleri ve örgütsel süreçler bütünü olarak stratejik çevikliği, esnekliği, yaratıcılığı ve sürekli yenilikçiliği teşvik eden bir yönetim felsefesi olarak” girişimci yönetim biçimi ile finansal performans arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, yazın taraması eşliğinde, “örgütün hiyerarşik düzeylerinden bağımsız olarak tüm bireyleri, girişimci gibi düşünecek ve eyleme geçecek biçimde geliştirmek ve uzun dönemde ortalamanın üzerinde getiri elde etmek” amacı güden girişimci yönetim biçimi ile finansal performans ilişkisi, Çanakkale Bölgesi'nde faaliyet gösteren otel işletmeleri üzerinde görgül olarak incelenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen Pearson ve Spearman Korelâsyon ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizleri doğrultusunda, girişimci yönetim biçiminin alt boyutları olarak, stratejik yönelimin, finansal performanstan duyulan genel tatmin düzeyi, özsermaye kârlılığı ve aktif büyüklüğündeki değişim; kaynak yöneliminin, finansal performanstan duyulan genel tatmin düzeyi ve özsermaye kârlılığı; ödüllendirme sisteminin, finansal performanstan duyulan genel tatmin düzeyi, yatırım kârlılığı, satışlardaki değişim, net kâr marjı, net kâr düzeyi, faaliyet kârı düzeyi ve büyüme finansmanı sağlama yeteneği; girişimci kültür boyutunun, aktif kârlılığı ve satışlardaki değişim ile pozitif yönlü ilişki içerisinde olduğu, belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, finansal performans ölçütleri açısından en önemli değişkenin büyüme yönelimi olduğunu işaret etmektedir.
278-303

REFERENCES

References: 

[1] M. A. Hitt ve R. D. Ireland, The intersection of entrepreneurship and strategic management research, içinde, D. L. Sexton ve H. Landstrom (Editörler). Handbook Of Entrepreneurship. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing, (2000).
[2] R. M. Kanter, The Change Masters: Innovation For Productivity In The American Corporation. New York: Simon & Schuster, (1983).
[3] P. Drucker, The Discipline Of The Innovator, Harvard Business Review, 63, 3, 67–72, (1985).
[4] R. A. Burgelman, Corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management: Insights from a process study. Management Science, 29, 12, 1349–1363, (1983).
[5] R. B. Carton ve C. W. Hofer, Measuring organizational performance: Metrics for entrepreneurship and strategic management research. Northampton, Massachusetts: Edward Elgar, (2006).
[6] D. J. Teece, G. Pisano ve A. Shuen, Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18, 7, 509–533, (1997).
[7] G. D. Meyer, H. M. Neck ve M. D. Meeks, The entrepreneurship–strategic management interface, içinde, M. A. Hitt, R. D. Ireland, M. S. Camp ve D. L. Sexton (Editörler), Strategic Entrepreneurship–Creating A New Mindset, Blackwell, Oxford, (2002).
[8] M. A. Hitt, R. D. Ireland, M. S. Camp ve D. L. Sexton, Strategic entrepreneurship: Integrating entrepreneurial and strategic management perspective, içinde, M. A. Hitt, R. D. Ireland, M. S. Camp ve D. L. Sexton (Editörler), Strategic Entrepreneurship–Creating A New Mindset, Blackwell, Oxford, (2002).
[9] R. G. McGrath ve I. C. MacMillan, The Entrepreneurial Mindset, MA: Harvard Business School Press, (2000).
[10] G. D. Meyer ve K. A. Heppard, Entrepreneurial strategies: The dominant logic of entrepreneurship, içinde, G. D. Meyer ve K. A. Heppard (Editörler), Entrepreneurship As Strategy: Competing On The Entrepreneurial Edge, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, (2000).
[11] D. Rae, EasyJet: A case of entrepreneurial management?, Strategic Change, 10, 6, 325–336, (2001).
[12] S. Michael, D. Storey ve H. Thomas, Discovery and coordination in strategic management and entrepreneurship, içinde, M. A. Hitt, R. D. Ireland, M. S. Camp ve D. L. Sexton (Editörler), Strategic Entrepreneurship–Creating A New Mindset, Blackwell, Oxford, (2002).
[13] A. Chandler, Strategy And Structure, Cambridge: MIT Press, (1962).
[14] P. F. Drucker, Managing For Results: Economic Tasks And Risk–Taking Decisions, New York: Harper & Row, (1964).
[15] W. J. Baumol, Entrepreneurship In Economic Theory. The American Economic Review, 58, 2, 64–71, (1968).
[16] P. A. Wickham, Strategic Entrepreneurship, 3rd Edition, London: Pearson Education LLC, (2004).
[17] T. Watson, Entrepreneurship and professional management: A fatal distinction. International Small Business Journal, 13, 2, 34–47, (1995).
[18] R. S. Schuler, Fostering and facilitating entrepreneurship in organizations: Implications for organization structure and human resource management practices. Human Resource Management, 25, 3, 11–27, (1986).
[19] R. Herbold, Inside Microsoft: Balancing creativity and discipline. Harvard Business Review, 80, 1, 72–79, (2002).
[20] K. M. Eisenhardt, S. L. Brown ve H. M. Neck, Competing on the entrepreneurial edge, içinde, G. D. Meyer, ve K. A. Heppard (Editörler), Entrepreneurship as Strategy: Competing On The Entrepreneurial Edge, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, (2000).
[21] H. H. Stevenson, A perspective on entrepreneurship, Harvard Business School Working Paper, 9–384–131, (1983).
[22] H. H. Stevenson ve D. E. Gumpert, The heart of entrepreneurship. Harvard Business Review, March–April, 85–94, (1985).
[23] T. H. Brown, P. Davidsson ve J. Wiklund, An operationalization of Stevenson’s conceptualization of entrepreneurship as opportunity–based firm behavior, Strategic Management Journal, 22, 953–968, (2001).
[24] P. Davidsson, Researching Entrepreneurship, Dordrecht: Kluwer, (2004).
[25] H. H. Stevenson ve J. C. Jarillo, A paradigm of entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial management, Strategic Management Journal, 11, 17–27, (1990).
[26] L. Chung ve P. Gibbons, Corporate entrepreneurship: The roles of ideology and social capital, Group and Organization Management, 22, 1, 10–30, (1997).
[27] M. Jelinek ve J. A. Litterer, Toward entrepreneurial organizations: Meeting ambiguity with engagement, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 19, 3, 137–156, (1995).
[28] M. J. Lynskey, Introduction, içinde, M. J. Lynskey ve S. Yonekura (Editörler), Entrepreneurship And Organization: The Role Of The Entrepreneur In Organizational Innovation, Oxford: Oxford University Press, (2002).
[29] M. H. Morris ve D. F. Kuratko, Corporate Entrepreneurship, Mason, OH: South–Western College Publishers, (2002).
[30] G. Pinchot, Intrapreneuring, New York: Harper and Row, (1985).
[31] G. T. Lumpkin ve G. G. Dess, Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construction and linking it to performance, Academy of Management Review, 21, 1, 135–173, (1996).
[32] J. A. Murray, A concept of entrepreneurial strategy, Strategic Management Journal, 5, 1, 1–13, (1984).
[33] M. A. Hitt, R. D. Ireland, M. S. Camp ve D. L. Sexton, Strategic entrepreneurship: Integrating entrepreneurial and strategic management perspective, içinde, M. A. Hitt, R. D. Ireland, M. S. Camp ve D. L. Sexton (Editörler), Strategic Entrepreneurship–Creating A New Mindset, Blackwell, Oxford, (2002).
[34] R. M. Kanter, Supporting innovation and venture development in established companies, Journal of Business Venturing, 2, 1, 47–60, (1985).
[35] H. H. Stevenson ve J. C. Jarillo, Preserving entrepreneurship as companies grow, Journal of Business Strategy, 7, 1, 10–24, (1986).
[36] D. L. Day, Research linkages between entrepreneurship and strategic management, içinde, D. L. Sexton ve ve J. D. Kasarda (Editörler), The State Of Entrepreneurship, Boston: PWS–Kent, (1992).
[37] E. Sadler–Smith, Y. Hampson, I. Chaston ve B. Badger, Managerial behavior: Entrepreneurial style and small firm performance, Journal of Small Business Management, 41, 1, 47–68, (2003).
[38] J. R. Cornwall ve B. Perlman, Organizational Entrepreneurship, Homewood, IL: Boston–Irvin, (1990).
[39] A. C. Cooper, J. D. Markman ve G. Niss, The evolution of the field of entrepreneurship, içinde, G. D. Meyer ve K. A. Heppard (Editörler), Entrepreneurship As Strategy: Competing On The Entrepreneurial Edge. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, (2000).
[40] R. H. Amit, K. Brigham ve G. D. Markman, Entrepreneurial management as strategy, içinde, G. D. Meyer ve K. A. Heppard (Editörler), Entrepreneurship As Strategy: Competing On The Entrepreneurial Edge. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, (2000).
[41] T. Gilmartin, Entrepreneurial action for social change: a primer for healthcare professionals, içinde, R. Jones ve F. Jenkins (Editörler), Managing And Leading In The Allied Health Professions, Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing, (2006).
[42] T. Ehrmann ve O. Cochet, Is entrepreneurship a flexible strategy? Downside risk implications of EM and EO, Institut Für Unternehmensgründung Und Entwicklung Working paper, Erişim tarihi: 28.07.2009, (Çevrimiçi), http://www.ug.uni–muenster.de/downloads/ws_03auf04/.../Paper–downside%20risk.pdf, (2004).
[43] C. K. Prahalad ve G. Hamel, Strategy as a field of study: Why search for a new paradigm?, Strategic Management Journal, 15, Summer Special Issue, 5–16, (1994).
[44] G. Johnson ve K. Scholes, Exploring Corporate Strategy, 6th Edition, Harlow, England: Pearson Education, (2002).
[45] L. Melin ve B. Hellgren, Patterns of strategic processes: Two change typologies, içinde, H. Thomas, D. O'Neal, R. White ve D. Hurst (Editörler), Building The Strategically–Responsive Organization. Chichester: Wiley, (1994).
[46] G. Hamel, Strategy as revolution, Harvard Business Review, 74, 4, 69–76, (1996).
[47] M. E. Porter, Competitive Strategy: Techniques For Analyzing Industries And Competitors, Boston: Free Press, (1980).
[48] R. E. Miles ve C. C. Snow, Organizational Strategy, Structure, And Process, New York: McGraw–Hill/Irwin, (1978).
[49] M. Farjoun, Towards an organic perspective on strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 23, 7, 561–594, (2002).
[50] P. Selznick, Leadership In Administration, London: University of California Press, (1957).
[51] H. Mintzberg, Crafting strategy, Harvard Business Review, 65, 4, 66–75, (1987).
[52] T. Burns ve G. M. Stalker, The Management Of Innovation, London: Tavistock Publications, (1961).
[53] J. G. Covin ve D. P. Slevin, A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16, 1, 7–24, (1991).
[54] K. G. Smith, T. R. Mitchell ve C. E. Summer, Top level management priorities in different stages of the organizational life cycle, Academy of Management Journal, 28, 4, 799–820, (1985).
[55] C. W. Allinson, E. Chell ve J. Hayes, Intuition and entrepreneurial behavior. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 9, 1, 31–43, (2000).
[56] H. H. Stevenson,. The six dimensions of entrepreneurship, içinde, S. Birley ve D. F. Muzyka (Editörler), Mastering Enterprise, London: Financial Times Pitman Publishing, (1997).
[57] H. H. Stevenson, A perspective on entrepreneurship, içinde, W. A. Sahlmann, H. H. Stevenson, M. J. Roberts ve A. Bhidé (Editörler), The Entrepreneurial Venture, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, (1999).
[58] J. Wiklund, C. Eliasson ve P. Davidsson, Entrepreneurial management and Schumpeterian resource recombination, içinde, Proceedings of 21th Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Boulder, USA, (2002).
[59] J. A. Schumpeter, Theory Of Economic Developmen,. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, (1934).
[60] K. H. Vesper, Introduction and summary of entrepreneurship research, içinde, C. A. Kent, D. L. Sexton ve K. H. Vesper (Editörler), Encyclopedia Of Entrepreneurship, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice–Hall, (1982).
[61] D. L. Sexton ve R. W. Smilor, Entrepreneurship 2000, Chicago, IL: Upstart, (1997).
[62] D. C. Galunic ve S. Rodan, Resource combinations in the firm: Knowledge structures and the potential for Schumperterian innovation, Strategic Management Journal, 19, 12, 1193–1201, (1998).
[63] A. Lesgold, Problem solving, içinde, R. J. Sternberg ve E. E. Smith (Editörler), The Psychology Of Human Thought, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, (1998).
[64] W. M. Cohen ve D. A. Levinthal, Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 1, 128–152, (1990).
[65] S. Shane, Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunity, Organization Science, 11, 4, 448–469, (2000).
[66] E. Von Hippel, Lead users: A source of novel product concepts, Management Science, 32, 7, 791–805, (1986).
[67] E. Von Hippel, Sticky information and the locus of problem solving: Implications for innovation, Management Science, 40, 4, 429–439, (1994).
[68] W. J. Abernathy ve J. Utterback, Patterns of industrial innovation, Technological Review, 80, 7, 40–47, (1978).
[69] S. K. McEvily ve B. Chakravarthy, The persistence of knowledge–based advantage: An empirical test for product performance and technological knowledge, Strategic Management Journal, 23, 4, 118–131, (2002).
[70] M. A. Hitt, L. Bierman, K. Shimizu ve R. Kochhar, Direct and moderating effects of human capital on strategy and performance in professional service firms: A resource–based perspective, Academy of Management Journal, 44, 1, 13–28, (2001).
[71] J. B. Barney, Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage, Journal of Management, 17, 1, 99–120, (1991).
[72] S. A. Alvarez ve J. B. Barney, How entrepreneurial firms can benefit from alliances with large partners?, Academy of Management Executive, 15, 1, 139–148, (2001).
[73] M. L. Tushman ve C. A. O‘Reilly, Ambidextrous organizations: Managing evolutionary and revolutionary change, California Management Review, 38, 4, 8–30, (1996).
[74] D. J. Teece, Capturing value from knowledge assets: The new economy, markets for know–how, and intangible assets, California Management Review, 40, 3, 55–79, (1998).
[75] O. F. Collins ve D. G. Moore, The Organization Makers: A Behavioral Study Of Independent Entrepreneurs, New York City, New York: Appleton–Century–Crofts, (1970).
[76] J. A. Starr ve I. C. Macmillan, Resource cooptation via social contracting: Resource acquisition strategies for new ventures, Strategic Management Journal, 11, 4, 79–92, (1990).
[77] P. Kale, H. Singh ve H. Perlmutter, Learning and protection of proprietary assets in strategic alliances: Building relational capital, Strategic Management Journal, 21, 217–237, (2000).
[78] H. H. Stevenson, The six dimensions of entrepreneurship, içinde, S. Birley ve D. F. Muzyka (Editörler), Mastering Enterprise, London: Financial Times Pitman Publishing, (1997).
[79] C. Eliasson, J. Wiklund ve P. Davidsson, Entrepreneurial management and Schumpeterian resource recombination, içinde, Proceedings of 21th Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Boulder, USA, (2002).
[80] H. H. Stevenson, A perspective on entrepreneurship, içinde, W. A. Sahlmann, H. H. Stevenson, M. J. Roberts ve A. Bhidé (Editörler), The Entrepreneurial Venture, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, (1999).
[81] S. Zerbinati ve V. Souitaris, Entrepreneurship in the public sector: A framework of analysis in European local governments, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 17, 1, 43–64, (2005).
[82] B. Bird, Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. The Academy of Management Review, 13, 3, 442–453, (1988).
[83] T. Burns ve G. M. Stalker, The Management Of Innovation, London: Tavistock Publications, (1961).
[84] D. R. Hisrich ve P. M. Peters, Entrepreneurship, London, UK: McGraw–Hill Irwin, (2002).
[85] V. Sathe, Culture And Related Corporate Realities: Text, Cases, And Readings On Organizational Entry, Establishment, And Change, Homewood, IL: Irwin, (1985).
[86] R. S. Schuler, Fostering and facilitating entrepreneurship in organizations: Implications for organization structure and human resource management practices, Human Resource Management, 25, 3, 11–27, (1986).
[87] S. A. Zahra, Environment, corporate entrepreneurship and financial performance: A taxonomic approach, Journal of Business Venturing, 8, 4, 319–340, (1993).
[88] D. Miller, The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms, Management Science, 29, 7, 770–791, (1983).
[89] S. A. Zahra ve J. Wiklund, Top management team characteristics and resource recombination among new ventures, Proceedings of Strategic Management Society Annual Meeting, Vancouver, 15–18 October, (2000).
[90] D. L. Birch, Job Creation In America: How Our Smallest Companies Put The Most People To Work, New York City, New York: Free Press, (1987).
[91] R. L. Daft, Organization Theory And Design, 7th Edition; Mason: South–Western College Publishing, (2000).
[92] R. H. Hall, Organizations: Structures, Processes, And Outcomes, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, (1986).
[93] W. R. Thompson, Internal and external factors in the development of urban economies, içinde, H. S. Perloff ve L. Wingo (Editörler), Issues In Urban Economics, Baltimore: John Hopkins Press, (1968).
[94] J. Hage ve M. Aiken, Social Change In Complex Organizations, New York City, New York: Random House, (1970).
[95] F. J. Milliken, Perceiving and interpreting environmental change: An examination of college administrators’ interpretation of changing demographics, Academy of Management Journal, 33, 42–63, (1990).
[96] R. L. Priem, Executive judgment, organizational congruence, and firm performance. Organization Science, 5, 421–437, (1994).
[97] D. Clifford ve R. Cavanagh, The Winning Performance: How America’s Midsize Companies Succeed, New York: Bantam Books, (1998).
[98] K. M. Eisenhardt, S. L. Brown ve H. M. Neck, Competing on the entrepreneurial edge, içinde, G. D. Meyer ve K. A. Heppard (Editörler), Entrepreneurship As Strategy: Competing On The Entrepreneurial Edge, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, (2000).
[99] P. Ghemawat ve J. E. Ricart i Costa, The organizational tension between static and dynamic efficiency. Strategic Management Journal, 14, Winter, 59–73, (1993).
[100] J. G. March, Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning, Organization Science, 2, 1, 71–87, (1991).
[101] H. Mintzberg ve J. A. Waters, Of strategies, deliberate and emergent, Strategic Management Journal, 6, 257–272, (1985).
[102] I. Nonaka ve T. Yamanouchi, Managing innovation as a self–renewing process, Journal of Business Venturing, 4, 299–315, (1989).
[103] S. J. Carroll ve C. E. Scheier, Applied Psychology In Personnel Management, 2nd Edition, Reston, VA: Reston Publishing, (1982).
[104] F. De Chambeau ve E. M. Shays, Harnessing entrepreneurial energy within the corporation, Management Review, September, 17–20, (1984).
[105] M. W. Barringer ve G. T. Milkovich, A theoretical exploration of the adoption and design of flexible benefit plans: A case of human resource innovation, Academy of Management Review, 23: 305–324, (1998).
[106] Z. Block ve O. A. Ornati, Compensating corporate venture managers, Journal of Business Venturing, 2, 41–51, (1987).
[107] W. E. Souder, Disharmony between R&D and marketing, Industrial Marketing Management, 10, 1, 67–73, (1981).
[108] H. B. Sykes, Incentive compensation for corporate venture personnel, Journal of Business Venturing, 7, 4, 253–265, (1992).
[109] A. C. Acar, İşletmelerde Ücret Yapısının Oluşturulması Ve Bir Uygulama, İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık, (2007).
[110] D. F. Kuratko, R. D. Ireland ve J. S. Hornsby, Improving firm performance through entrepreneurial actions: Acordia‘s corporate entrepreneurship strategy, The Academy of Management Executive, 15, 4, 60–71, (2001).
[111] B. Becker ve B. Gerhart, The impact of human resource management on organizational performance: Progress and prospects, Academy of Management Journal, 39, 779–801, (1996).
[112] D. P. Lepak ve S. A. Snell, The human resource architecture: Toward a theory of human capital allocation and development, Academy of Management Review, 24, 31–48, (1999).
[113] D. F. Kuratko ve P. H. Welsh, Strategic Entrepreneurial Growth, 2nd Edition, Ohio: South–Western Thompson Publishing, (2004).
[114] A. C. Cooper, Challenges in predicting new firm performance, Journal of Business Venturing, 8, 241–253, (1993).
[115] V. Routamaa ve J. Vesalainen, Types of entrepreneurial and strategic level goal setting, International Small Business Journal, 5, 3, 19–29, (1987).
[116] L. A. Herron ve R. B. Robinson, Jr., A structural model of the effects of entrepreneurial characteristics on venture performance, Journal of Business Venturing, 8, 281–294, (1993).
[117] H. M. Trice ve J. M. Beyer, The Cultures Of Work Organizations, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice–Hall, (1993).
[118] J. Coleman, Social capital in the creation of human capital, American Journal of Sociology, 94, 95–120, (1988).
[119] J. N. Hood ve J. E. Young, Entrepreneurship’s requisite areas of development: A survey of top executives in successful entrepreneurial firms, Journal of Business Venturing, 8, 115–135, (1993).
[120] M. H. Morris, Entrepreneurial Intensity: Sustainable Advantages For Individuals, Organizations, And Societies, Westport, Connecticut: Quorum Books, (1998).
[121] T. J. Peters, The Circle Of Innovation: You Can’t Shrink Your Way To Greatness, New York: Vintage Books, (1997).
[122] J. A. Timmons, New Venture Creation: Entrepreneurship For 21st Century, 5th Edition, Homewood, Illinois: Irwin– McGraw–Hill, (1999).
[123] A. H. Van de Ven, H. Angle ve M. S. Poole, Research On The Management Of Innovation: The Minnesota Studies, New York: Oxford University Press, (2000).
[124] J. E. Tropman ve G. Morningstar, Entrepreneurial Systems For The 1990's, Their Creation, Structure And Management, New York: Quorum Books, (1989).
[125] H. Sarıaltın, Örgüt Performansının Ölçülmesinde Ve Geliştirilmesinde Kıyaslama Yöntemi ve İmalat Şirketlerinde Kıyaslama Uygulamaları, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sakarya, (2003).
[126] H. J. Sheu ve S. F. Lo, A new conceptual framework integrating environment into corporate performance evaluation, Sustainable Development, 13, 2, 79–90, (2005).
[127] G. A. Boyne, Sources of public service improvement: A critical review and research agenda, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 13, 3, 367–394, (2003).
[128] H. G. Rainey, Understanding And Managing Public Organizations, 2nd Edition, San Francisco: Jossey–Bass, (1997).
[129] M. A. Hitt, R. D. Ireland ve R. E. Hoskisson, Strategic Management: Competitiveness And Globalization, 8th Edition, Mason, OH: Cengage Learning, (2009).
[130] G. B. Murphy, J. W. Trailer ve R. C. Hill, Measuring performance in entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Research, 36, 1, 15–23, (1996).
[131] S. E. Seashore ve E. Yuchtman, Factorial analysis of organizational performance, Administrative Science Quarterly, 12, 377–395, (1967).
[132] J. P. Campbell, On the nature of organizational effectiveness, içinde, P. Goodman ve J. M. Pennings (Editörler), New Perspectives On Organizational Effectiveness, San Francisco: Jossey–Bass, (1977).
[133] B. H. Clark, Marketing performance measures: History and interrelationships, Journal of Marketing Management, 15, 8, 711–732, (1999).
[134] S. Haber ve A. Reichel, Identifying performance measures of small ventures — The case of the tourism industry, Journal of Small Business Management, 43, 3, 257–286, (2005).
[135] N. Venkatraman ve V. Ramanujam, Measurement of business performance in strategy research: A comparison of approaches, Academy of Management Review, 11, 4, 801–814, (1986).
[136] N. Venkatraman ve J. Prescott, Environment–strategy coalignment: An empirical test of its performance implications, Strategic Management Journal, 11, 1, 1–23, (1990).
[137] T. C. Powell, Organizational alignment as competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 13, 2, 119–134, (1992).
[138] S. Hart ve C. Banbury, How strategy making process can make difference?, Strategic Management Journal, 15, 4, 251–269, (1994).
[139] R. Eusebio, J. L. Andreu ve M. P. L. Belbeze, Measures of marketing performance: A comparative study from Spain, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 18, 2, 145-155, (2006).
[140] Brush, C. G. ve Vanderwerf, P. A. (1992). A comparison of methods and sources for obtaining estimates of new venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 7 (2): 157–170.
[141] S. P. Rao, Market timing and mutual fund performance, American Business Review, June, 75–79, (2000).
[142] S. Y. Kaygusuz, Yönetim muhasebesinin performans yönetimi fonksiyonunda geldiği son nokta: Balanced scorecard (ölçüm kartı) tekniği, İş, Güç, Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 7, 1, 82–100, (2005).
[143] Ö. Turunç, A. Erkuş ve M. Polat, İşletmelerde örgütsel performansın değerlendirilmesinde nicel–nitel kriterler: Savunma sanayiinde bir araştırma, 15. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi Bildiri Kitapçığı, (2005).
[144] G. E. Greenley ve G. R. Foxal, External moderation of associations among stakeholder orientation and company performance, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 15, 1, 51–69, (1998).
[145] S. W. J. Kozlowski ve K. J. Klein, A multilevel approach to theory and research in organizations: Contextual, temporal, and emergent processes, içinde, K. J. Klein ve S. W. J. Kozlowski, (Editörler), Multilevel Theory, Research, And Methods In Organizations, San Francisco: Jossey–Bass, (2000).
[146] J. Wiklund, Small Firm Growth And Performance: Entrepreneurship And Beyond, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Jonkoping International Business School, Sweden, (1998).
[147] R. Harms, S. Kraus ve E. Schwarz, The suitability of the configuration approach in entrepreneurship research, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 21, 1, 25–49, (2009).
[148] D. Miller ve P. Friesen, Strategy-making and environment: The third link, Strategic Management Journal, 4, 3, 221-235, (1983).
[149] P. N. Khandwalla, The Design Of Organizations, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, (1977).
[150] J. G. Covin ve D. P. Slevin, Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environment, Strategic Management Journal, 10, 1, 75–87, (1989).
[151] N. Bontis, W. C. Keow ve R. Stanley, Intellectual capital and business performance in Malaysian industries, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1, 1, 85–100, (2000).
[152] D. George ve P. Mallery, SPSS For Windows Step By Step: A Simple Guide And Reference, 11.0 Update, 4th Edition, Boston: Allyn & Bacon, (2003).
[153] J. Cohen, Statistical Power Analysis For The Behavioral Sciences, 2nd Edition, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, (1988).
[154] R. Van Johnston, Optimizing productivity through privatization and entrepreneurial management, Policy Studies Journal, 24, 3, 444-463, (1996).
[155] J. Wiklund, D. Shepherd, Knowledge-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the performance of small and medium-sized businesses, Strategic Management Journal, 24, 13, 1307–1314, (2003).
[156] S. A. Zahra ve J. Covin, Contextual influences on the corporate entrepreneurship-company performance relationship in established firms: A longitudinal analysis, Journal of Business Venturing, 10, 1, 43–58, (1995).
[157] B. R. Barringer ve A.C. Bluedorn, The relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management, Strategic Management Journal, 20, 5, 421–444, (1999).
[158] S. A. Zahra ve D. Garvis, International corporate entrepreneurship and firm performance: The moderating effect of international environmental hostility, Journal of Business Venturing, 15, 5–6, 469–492, (2000).

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com