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Antropolojide sınıf ve toplumsal cinsiyet gerilim hattında Marksist ve feminist yaklaşımlar

Marxist and feminist approaches in the tension line of class and gender in anthropology

Journal Name:

  • İstanbul Üniversitesi İnsan Bilim Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2012

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

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Abstract (2. Language): 
The answers sought by Marxism, focusing on formation of pre-capitalist societies and by Feminism, focusing on gender and subordination of women following the political, theoretical and practical crisis in social sciences after the second half of 1960s have fitted well with the field of anthropology. By reviewing anthropological projections of both theories with a rich array of research and studies, the present paper aims to discuss their expectations from the field of anthropology, and their approach to the anthropology in the axes of gender and class. Both theories adapt a critical approach, incorporating a tension which provides a productive and complementary background, sometimes positively contributing to each other. While both taking a political stance, it appears that Marxisms trying to make their basic theory set free from being constrained to the capitalist society only and Feminisms increasingly producing more and more by making diversities its focus will continue to enhance anthropological perspectives employing a political power to seek answers to the deadlocks of social life.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
1960’lı yılların ikinci yarısından itibaren sosyal bilimlerde yaşanan siyasi, kuramsal ve pratik kriz sonrasında kapitalizm öncesi toplumların oluşumuna odaklanan Marksizm ile toplumsal cinsiyet ve kadının ikincilliğine odaklanan Feminizm’in aradığı yanıtlar antropolojik yaklaşımların çalışma alanına uygun düşmüştür. Zengin bir araştırma ve çalışma çeşitliliğine sahip olan bu iki kuramın antropolojik izdüşümlerini inceleyen bu yazıda her iki kuramın öncelikle antropolojiden beklentileri, daha sonra her ikisinin toplumsal cinsiyet ve sınıf ekseninde antropolojiye yaklaşımları ele alınacaktır. Her iki kuram da üretken ve birbirini tamamlayan, hatta birbirine olumlu katkılarda bulunan bir gerilim hattından beslenen eleştirel yaklaşımları benimsemektedir. Her ikisi de politik bir duruş sergileyen bu akımların, Marksizmler’in temel kuramını sadece kapitalist topluma sınırlanmaktan kurtarma arzusu, Feminizmler’in ise farklılıkları odak noktasına yerleştirerek her geçen gün daha çok toplumsal yaşamın cinsiyete dayalı çözümsüzlüklerine bir yanıt arayışı içinde olması antropolojinin hem kuramsal hem de siyasal açıdan zenginleşmesine önemli katkı sağlamaktadır.
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  • 2
1058-120
  • Turkish

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