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Gençlerin ve Yaşlıların Otobiyografik Bellek Özellikleri Açısından Karşılaştırılması: Betimsel Bir Çalışma

A Comparıson With Respect To Features Of Autobıographıcal Memories Between Young And Elderly People: A Descriptive Study

Journal Name:

  • İstanbul Üniversitesi Psikoloji Çalışmaları Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2013

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
In the present research, features of autobiographical memory (content, point of view and time) were examined with respect to adolescent, early adult and elderly groups. 240 volunteers composed of 80 adolescents, 80 early adults and 80 elderly people participated in the research. An autobiographical memory test (4 positive and 4 negative adjectives) depending on cued-recall technique was applied to the subjects and the data were analysed descriptively. Consequently, the elderly recalled more memories related to positive words from social admiration category than the other groups. On the other hand, with respect to negative words, while adolescents recalled the most memories from friend controversy category, early adults recalled related to family and private relationships and the elderly people prefered remembering negative memories related to both family & private relationships and diseases categories. When the point of view of the memories was examined, for the positive words early adults used field point of view mostly, the elderly used observer point of view; for the negative words the elderly utilized field point of view, adolescents utilized observer point of view mostly. The given result can be explained by “wisdom tendency” in the elderly people. When the time of memories was examined, for both positive and negative words adolescents told their memories concerning the last five years mostly; the elderly told their memories relating to before the last five years mostly. Furthermore, when the words used in the research were considered in terms of semantics while the evaluations of all the groups for the positive words were higher than those for the negative words, the elderly evaluated the negative words more positive, so they showed a “positivity effect.”
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu araştırmada otobiyografik anı özellikleri (içeriği, bakış açısı ve zamanı) ergen, erken yetişkin ve yaşlı gruplar açısından betimsel olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya 80 ergen, 80 erken yetişkin ve 80 yaşlı olmak üzere toplam 240 gönüllü katılmıştır. Katılımcılara İpuçlu Hatırlama Tekniğine dayanan bir otobiyografik bellek testi uygulanmış ve verilerin betimsel analizi yapılmıştır. Buna göre, yaşlılar olumlu kelimelerle ilgili olarak diğer gruplara göre en fazla sosyal takdirle ilgili anı anlatmıştır. Olumsuz kelimelerde ise, ergenlerin en çok arkadaş anlaşmazlıklarıyla, erken yetişkinlerin en çok aile ve özel ilişkilerle, yaşlıların ise hem aile içi ve özel ilişkilerle hem de hastalıklarla ilgili olumsuzlukları anlatmayı tercih ettikleri gözlenmiştir. Anıların bakış açısına bakıldığında, olumlu kelimelerde, alan bakış açısını en fazla erken yetişkinler, gözlemci bakış açısını ise en fazla yaşlılar kullanırken; olumsuz kelimelerde alan bakış açısını en fazla yaşlılar, gözlemci bakış açısını ise en fazla ergenler kullanmıştır. Bu sonuç yaşlılardaki “bilgelik eğilimiyle” açıklanmıştır. Anıların zamanı incelendiğinde, hem olumlu hem de olumsuz kelimeler için, son 5 yıla ait anılarını daha çok ergenler, son 5 yıldan önceki anılarını ise daha çok yaşlılar anlatmıştır. Ayrıca, araştırmada kullanılan kelimeler semantik açıdan değerlendirildiğinde ise, tüm grupların olumlu kelimelerdeki değerlendirmeleri olumsuzlara göre daha yüksekken, yaşlılar olumsuz kelimeleri de daha fazla olumlu olarak değerlendirerek bir tür “olumluluk yanlılığı” göstermiştir.
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