Buradasınız

A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Early Childhood Hygiene Interventions in Uzbekistan

Journal Name:

Publication Year:

DOI: 
10.17015/ejbe.2014.014.10
Abstract (2. Language): 
This paper applies cost-benefit analysis (CBA) technique to estimate the effectiveness of hand hygiene and oral health interventions in Uzbekistan for children of kindergarten age (3-6 years old). Our primary objective in this study is to apply CBA framework to investigate economic viability of hand hygiene and oral health interventions on respiratory diseases (influenza, bronchitis, pneumonia), intestinal diseases (diarrhea, hepatitis A, and helminthiasis), and dental caries and stomatitis. Though it is often difficult to attribute a specific hygiene intervention to a reduction in specific illness, our study shows that prevention of disease through hygiene promotion is cost-effective. To be the most effective, however, hygiene interventions should be accompanied by education and awareness-raising of teachers, parents and children.
183
208

JEL Codes:

REFERENCES

References: 

Acharya, A, and M Paunio. Environmental Health and Child Survival; Epidemiology,
Economics, Experiences. Washington DC: The World Bank (Environment Department), 2008.
Adhikari, Ramesh, Paul Gertler, and Anneli Lagman. Economic Analysis of Health Sector
Projects - A Review of Issues, Methods, and Approaches. Manila: ADB, 1999.
Ansari, SA, S Springthorpe, SA Sattar, S Rivard, and M Rahman. "Potential role of hands in
the spread of respiratory viral infections: studies with human parainfluenza virus 3 and
rhinovirus 14." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 29, 1991: 2115–2119.
Barker, DJP. Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1998.
Black, RE, SS Morris, and J Bryce. "Where and why are 10 million children dying every year?"
Lancet 361, 2003: 2226–2234.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13779-8
Bloomfield, S.E, and E. A. Scott. "Developing an effective policy for home hygiene: a riskbased
approach." International Journal of Environmental Health Research 13 (1), 2003: S57-
S66.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0960312031000102804
Borghi, J, L Guinness, J Ouedraogo, and V Curtis. "Is hygiene promotion cost-effective? A
case study in Burkina Faso." Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2002: 7, 1–10.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00954.x
Borghi, J., L. Guinness, J. Ouedraogo, and V. Curtis. "Is hygiene promotion cost-effective? A
case study in Burkina Faso." Tropical Medicine and International Health 7(11), 2002: 960-
969.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00954.x
Cairncross, Sandy. "Handwashing with soap - a new way to prevent ARIs?" Tropical Medicine
and International Health, August 2003: 8: 677-679.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.01096.x
Raushan ATANIYAZOVA, Jahongir NEGMATOV & Ziyodullo PARPIEV
Page | 206 EJBE 2014, 7 (14)
Churchill, AA, D de Ferranti, R Roche, C Tager, and AA Walters. Rural water supply &
sanitation; time for a change. World Bank Discussion Paper No. 18, Washington DC: The
World Bank, 1987.
Cost, Quality and Outcomes in Child Care Centers. Denver, Colorado: University of Colorado
at Denver, 1995.
Curtis, V, B Kanki, S Cousens, and et al. "Evidence for behaviour change following a hygiene
promotion programme in West Africa." Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2001: 79.
Curtis, V, L Danquah, and R Aunger. "Planned, motivated and habitual hygiene behaviour: an
eleven country review." Health Educ Res 24, 2009: 655–673.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyp002
Curtis, V., and S. Cairncross. "Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the
community: a systematic review." Lancet Infect Dis, 2003: 3: 275–81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00606-6
Curtis, V.A., S. Cairncross, and R. Yonli. "Domestic hygiene and diarrhoea, pinpointing the
problem." Tropical Medicine and International Health, 5(1), 2000: 22-32.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2000.00512.x
Dyer, DL, A. Shinder, and F. Shinder. "Alcohol-free instant hand sanitizer reduces elementary
school illness absenteeism." Family Medicine, 2000: 32, 633–638.
Esrey, S. A., R. G. Feachem, and J. M. Hughes. "Interventions for the Control of Diarrhoeal
Diseases among Young Children: Improving Water Supplies and Excreta Disposal Facilities."
WHO Bulletin, 1985: 63(4): 757–772.
Fung, IC, and S Cairncross. "Ascariasis and handwashing." Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 103,
2009: 215–222.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.08.003
Greenwood, Peter. Costs and Benefits of Early Childhood Intervention. Santa Monica,
California: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1999.
Guerrant, RL, and BL Blackwood. "Threats to global health and survival: the growing crises of
tropical infectious diseases – our ‘unfinished agenda’." Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1999: 28,
966–986.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/514765
Guyer, Bernard, Sai Ma, Holly Grason, Kevin Frick, Deborah Perry, and Alyssa Wigton.
Investments to Promote Children's Health: a Systematic Literature Review and Economic
Analysis of Interventions in the Preschool Period. Baltimore, MD: Women‘s and Children‘s
Health Policy Center: John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2008.
Gwaltney, Jr JM, PB Moskalski, and JO Hendley. "Hand-to-hand transmission of rhinovirus
colds." Annals of Internal Medicine 88, 1978: 463–467.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-4-463
Gwaltney, Jr JM, PB Moskalski, and JO Hendley. "Interruption of experimental rhinovirus
transmission." The Journal of Infectious Diseases 142, 1980: 811–815.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/142.6.811
Harris, R., A.D Nicoll, P.M. Adair, and C.M. Pine. "Risk factors for dental caries in young
children: a systematic review of the literature." Community Dental Health (2004) 21
(Supplement), 2004: 71–85.
A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Early Childhood Hygiene Interventions in Uzbekistan
EJBE 2014, 7 (14) Page | 207
Hendley, JO, RP Wenzel, and JM Gwaltney. "Transmission of rhinovirus colds by selfinoculation."
The New England Journal of Medicine 288, 1973: 1361–1364.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197306282882601
Holt, R.D., G.B. Winter, M.C. Downer, W.J. Bellis, and I.S. Hay. "Caries in pre-school children
in Cambden 1993/94." British Dental Journal 181, 1996: 405–410.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4809277
Hutton, G, and L Haller. Evaluation of the costs and benefits of water and sanitation
improvements at the global level. WHO/SDE/WSH/04.04, Geneva: World Health
Organization, 2004.
Hutton, G, L Haller, and J Bartram. "Global Cost-Benefit Analysis of Water Supply and
Sanitation Interventions." J Water Health 5, 2007: 481-502.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2007.009
Iyer, Param, and Jennifer Sara. "The Handwashing Handbook." The World Bank Group.
www.worldbank.org (accessed December 1, 2011).
Khan, MU. "Interruption of shigellosis by handwashing." Transactions of the Royal Society of
Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , 1982: 76, 164–168.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(82)90266-8
Landrigan, PJ, CB Schechter, JM Lipton, MC Fahs, and J Schwartz. "Environmental Pollutants
and Disease in American Children: Estimates of Morbidity, Mortality, and Costs for Lead
Poisoning, Asthma, Cancer, and Developmental Disabilities." Environmental Health
Perspectives 110 (7), 2002: 721-728.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.02110721
Laxminarayan, R, J Chow, and SA Shahid-Salles. Intervention Cost-Effectiveness: Overview of
Main Messages. In: Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, et al., editors. Disease Control
Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd edition, Washington DC: The World Bank, 2006.
Luby, SP, et al. "Effect of handwashing on child health: a randomised controlled trial." Lancet
Jul 16-22; 366(9481), 2005 : 225-33.
Master, D, Longe Hess, and H. Dickson. "Scheduled hand washing in an elementary school
population." Family Medicine, 1997: 29(5): 336-9.
Murray, CJ.L. "Rational approaches to health priority setting in international health." Journal
of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 93, 1990.
Murray, CJL, and AD Lopez. "Global mortality, disability and the contribution of risk factors:
global burden of disease study." Lancet, 1997: 349, 1436–1442.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07495-8
Pinfold, JV, and NJ Horan. "Measuring the effect of a hygiene behaviour intervention by
indicators of behaviour and diarhoeal disease." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical
Medicine and Hygiene, 1996: 90, 366–371.
Pita-Fernández, S, A Pombo-Sánchez, J Suárez-Quintanilla, S Novio-Mallón, B Rivas-Mundiña,
and S Pértega-Díaz. "Clinical relevance of tooth brushing in relation to dental caries." [In
Spanish], Aten Primaria, 42(7), 2010: 372-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2009.10.014
Rand. Investing in Our Children: What We Know and Don’t Know About the Costs and
Benefits of Early Childhood Interventions. Washington, D.C.: Rand, 1998.
Raushan ATANIYAZOVA, Jahongir NEGMATOV & Ziyodullo PARPIEV
Page | 208 EJBE 2014, 7 (14)
Reed, SE. "An investigation of the possible transmission of rhinovirus colds through indirect
contact." The Journal of Hygiene 75, 1975: 249–258.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022172400047288
Rubin, I., J. Nodvin, RJ Geller, WG Teague, BL Holtzclaw, and EI Felner. "Environmental
Health Disparities: Environmental and Social Impact of Industrial Pollution in a Community -
the Model of Anniston, AL." Pediatric Clinics of North America, 54(2), 2007: 375-98.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2007.01.007
Ryan, MAK, RS Christian, and J Wohlrabe. "Handwashing and respiratory illness among
young adults in military training." American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2001: 21, 79–83.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00323-3
Sanctuary, M, H Tropp, and L Haller. Making Water a Part of Economic Development.
Stockholm: Stockholm International Water Institute and World Health Organization for the
Commission on Sustainable Development, 2004.
Schmidt, WP, S Cairncross, ML Barreto, T Clasen, and B Genser. "Recent diarrhoeal illness
and risk of lower respiratory infections in children under the age of 5 years." Int J Epidemiol.,
2009: 159.
Schwarz, E., E.C.M. Lo, and M.C.M. Wong. "Prevention of early childhood caries – results of a
fluoride toothpaste demonstration trial on Chinese preschool children after three years."
Journal of Public Health Dentistry 58, 1998: 12–18.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.1998.tb02985.x
Sedgwick, WT, and S Macnutt. "An Examination of the Theorem of Allen Hazen that for every
Death from Typhoid Fever Avoided by the Purification of Public Water Supplies, Two or
Three Deaths are Avoided from other Causes." Science 28, 1908: 215–216.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.28.711.215
St Sauver, J, M Khurana, A . Kao, and B Foxman. "Hygienic practices and acute respiratory
illness in family and group day care homes." Public Health Reports, 1998: 113, 544–551.
Stanton, BF, and JD Clemens. "An Educational Intervention for Altering Water-Sanitation
Behaviors to Reduce Childhood Diarrhea in Urban Bangladesh: part II a randomised trial to
assess the impact of the intervention on hygienic behaviors and rate ofdiarrhea." American
Journal of Epidemiology, 1987: 125, 292–333.
The Future of Children: Long-Term Outcomes of Early Childhood Programs. Los Altos,
California: The Center for the Future of Children, The David and Lucille Packard Foundation,
1995.
The World Bank: Benefits of Early Child Development Programs.
http://go.worldbank.org/2AHNORUYE0 (accessed November 15, 2011).
UNICEF. Tashkent: UNICEF in Uzbekistan, 2007.
WHO. Global Health Observatory. 2008.
http://www.who.int/gho/child_health/mortality/mortality_causes_text/en/i...
(accessed December 15, 2011).
WHO. Reducing risks, promoting healthy life. The World Health Report 2002, Geneva: WHO,
2002, p. 230.
WHO (2002). Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. The World Health Report, Geneva.
Ye, W., X.P. Feng, and Y.L. Liu. "Epidemiological study of the risk factors of rampant caries in
Shanghai children." Chinese Journal of Dental Research 2, 1999: 58–62.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com