You are here

Production of Bioadditive Ethyl Levulinate in the Catalytic Membrane Reactor

Journal Name:

Publication Year:

Abstract (2. Language): 
Fuel bioadditive ethyl levulinate is the biofuel of the future. Reactants of ethyl levulinate are produced from biomass. Therefore, esterification of ethanol and levulinic acid is an environmentally friendly green process for the production of ethyl levulinate. In this study, synthesis of ethyl levulinate was carried out in the batch reactor and in the catalytic membrane reactor by using sulfated zirconia loaded catalytic membrane. Catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) has higher conversion values than the conventional batch reactor. Optimum operation conditions were specified as T=70°C, M=1:1, and Ccat=8 g/L. The levulinic acid conversion reached 36 % and 89% in the batch reactor (BR) and in the CMR, respectively.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Yakıt katkı maddesi olan etil levulinat geleceğin biyoyakıtıdır. Etil levulinatı oluşturacak reaktifler biyokütleden üretilmektedir. Bu sebeple, etanol ve levulinik asidin esterleştirilmesi, etil levulinatın üretimi için çevreyle dost ve yeşil bir süreç olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, etil levulinatın sentezi kesikli ve katalitik membran reaktörde yapılmıştır ve katalitik membran olarak sülfatlı zirkonya yüklenmiş membran kullanılmıştır. Katalitik membran reaktör (CMR) geleneksel kesikli reaktörden daha yüksek dönüşüm değerleri vermiştir. En uygun operasyon koşulları T=70°C, M=1:1, and Ccat=8 g/L olarak tespit edilmiştir. Levulinik asit dönüşümü kesikli reaktörde (BR) %36 ve CMR’de %89 olarak elde edilmiştir.
1
12

REFERENCES

References: 

1. Wang Z, Lei T, Liu L, Zhu J, He X, Li Z. Performance Investigations Of A Diesel Engine Using
EthylLevulinate-Diesel Blends. BioResources. 2012;7(4):5972-5982. URL:
http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_07_4_5972_W...
.
2. Kashinath S, Manan Z, Hashim H, Alwi S. Design of green diesel from biofuels using computer aided
technique. Computers & Chemical Engineering. 2012 June;41:88–92, DOI:
10.1016/j.compchemeng.2012.03.006.
3. Nandiwale K, Sonar S, Niphadkar P, Joshi P, Deshpande S, Patil V, Bokade V. Catalytic upgrading of
renewable levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate biodiesel using dodecatungstophosphoricacid supported on
desilicated H-ZSM-5 as catalyst. Applied Catalysis A: General. 2013 June;460–461:90–98, DOI:
10.1016/j.apcata.2013.04.024.
4. Nandiwale K, Niphadkar P, Deshpande S, Bokade V. Esterification of renewable levulinic acid to ethyl
levulinate biodiesel catalyzed by highly active and reusable desilicated H-ZSM-5. Journal of Chemical
Technology and Biotechnology. 2014 October; 89:1507-1515. DOI: 10.1002/jctb.4228.
5. Fernandes DR, Rocha AS, Mai EF, Mota JA, Silva V. Levulinic acid esterification with ethanol to ethyl
levulinate production over solid acid catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General. 2012 May;425–426:199–204,
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcata.2012.03.020.
6. Smitha B, Suhanya D, Sridhar S, Ramakrishna M. Separation of organic–organic mixtures by
pervaporation a review. Journal of Membrane Science. 2004 September;241:1-21 DOI:
10.1016/j.memsci.2004.03.042.
7. Khajavi S, Jansen JC, Kapteijn F. Application of a sodalite membrane reactor in esterification-
Coupling reaction and separation. Catalysis Today. 2010 October;156:132–139. DOI:
10.1016/j.cattod.2010.02.042.
8. Ceia, T.F., Silva, A.G., Ribeiro, C.S., Pinto, J.V., Casimiro, M.H., Ramos, A.M., Vital, J., 2014. PVA
composite catalytic membranes for hyacinth flavour synthesis in a pervaporation membrane reactor. Catal.
Today. 236, 98-107. DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.02.052.
9. Zhang, W., Qing, W., Chen, N., Ren, Z., Chen, J., Sun, W., 2014. Enhancement of esterification
conversion using novel composite catalytically active pervaporation membranes. J. Memb. Sci. 451, 285-
292. DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.10.001.
10. Peters TA. Catalytic pervaporation membranes for close integration of reaction and separation,
PhdThesis, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, 2006. URL:
https://pure.tue.nl/ws/files/2367271/200610481.pdf.
11. Sridhar S, Ganga D, Smitha B, Ramakrishna M. Dehydration of 2-Butanol by Pervaporation Through
Blend Membranes of Chitosan and Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose. Separation Science and Technology. 2007 Feb;
40:2889-2908. DOI: 10.1080/01496390500333186 .
Ünlü & Hilmioğlu, JOTCSB. 2016;1(1):1–12. RESEARCH ARTICLE
11
12. Kalyani S, Smitha B, Sridhar S, Krishnaiah A. Blend membranes of sodium alginate and hydroxyethyl
cellulose for pervaporation-based enrichment of t- butyl alcohol. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2006 May;64:425–
432. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.12.012.
13. Liu QL, Chen HF. Modeling of esterification of acetic acid with n-butanol in the presence of Zr(SO4)2-.4H2O
coupled pervaporation. Journal of Membrane Science. 2002 Feb;196:171-178. DOI: 10.1016/S0376-
7388(01)00543-9.
14. Wasewar K, Patidar S, Agarwal VK. Esterification of lactic acid with ethanol in a pervaporation reactor:
modeling and performance study. Desalination. 2009 July; 243:305–313. DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2008.04.030.
15. Delgado P, Sanz MT, Beltran S. Pervaporation of the quaternary mixture present during the esterification
of lactic acid with ethanol. Journal of Membrane Science. 2009 April; 332:113–120. DOI:
10.1016/j.memsci.2009.01.044.
16. Veerapur SK, Gudasi KB, Sairam M, Shenoy RV, Netaji M, Raju KVSN, Sreedhar B, Aminabhavi TM. Novel
sodium alginate composite membranes prepared by incorporating cobalt(III) complex particles used in
pervaporation separation of water–acetic acid mixtures. Journal of Materials Science. 2007 June; 42: 4406–
4417. DOI: 10.1007/s10853-006-0652-0.
17. Unlu D, Ilgen O, Hilmioglu ND. Biodiesel additive ethyl levulinate synthesis by catalytic membrane:
SO4
−2/ZrO2 loaded hydroxyethyl cellulose. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2016 October; 302:260–268. DOI:
10.1016/j.cej.2016.05.047.
18. Alhassan FH, Rashid U, Yunus R, Sirat K, Lokman IM, Taufiq-Yap YH. Synthesis of Ferric–Manganese
Doped Tungstated Zirconia Nanoparticles as Heterogeneous Solid Superacid Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
From Waste Cooking Oil. International Journal of Green Energy. 2015 Jan;12:987−994. DOI:
10.1080/15435075.2014.880843.
19. Jiang Y, Lu J, Sun K, Ma L, Ding J. Esterification of oleic acid with ethanol catalyzed by sulfonated cation
exchange resin: Experimental and kinetic studies. Energy Conversion and Management. 2013 December;
76:980−985. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2013.08.011.
20. Ma J, Zhang M, Lu L, Yin X, Chen J, Jiang Z. Intensifying esterification reaction between lactic acid and
ethanol by pervaporation dehydration using chitosan–TEOS hybrid membranes. Chemical Engineering
Journal. 2009 December; 155:800–809. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2009.07.044.
21. Çimenler Ü, Investıgatıon of the esterıfıcatıon reactıon for the productıon of butyl propionate in
pervaporation membrane reactor using Amberlite Ir-120 catalyst, Master Thesis, Yıldız Technical University,
Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, İstanbul, 2011. DOI:
https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com