COMPARING APPROACHES TO STUDYING OF MALAYSIAN DISTANCE LEARNERS AND ON-CAMPUS LEARNERS: IMPLICATIONS TO DISTANCE EDUCATION

Abdul Rahman, Z. (1994) Factors related to completion of distance education courses in the
off-campus degree program at University Sains Malaysia. Unpublished Degree of Doctor of
Education, (Carolina State University, North Carolina).
Alsagoff, S. A. (1985) A study of learning styles, student characteristics and faculty
perceptions of the distance education programme at USM. Unpublished Dissertation,
(University of Washington, Washington).
Atan, H., Jaafar I., Guan, S.K., Azli, N.A., Rahman, Z.A. & Idrus, R.M. (2003) Self-transitional
characteristic of Distance Education learners: A case study of three Malaysian Universities.
Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 4(4). Http://www.tojde.anadolu.edu.tr
Biggs, J. (1979) Individual differences in study processes and the quality of learning. Higher
Education, 8, pp. 381-394.
Entwistle, N. J., & Ramsden, P. (1983) Understanding student learning. (London, Croom Helm
Ltd).
Entwistle, N. J., & Tait, H. (1994) The revised approach to studying inventory. (Edinburgh,
University of Edinburgh, Centre for Research into Learning and Instruction).
Harper, G., & Kember, D. (1986) Approaches to study of distance education students. British
Journal of Educational Technology, 17(3), pp. 212-222.
Kember, D. (1996) The intention to both memorise and understand: Another approach to
learning? Higher Education, 31, pp. 341-351.
Kember, D. & Gow, L. (1992). Action research as a form of staff development in higher
education. Higher Educatiopn, 23(3), pp. 297-310.
Kember, D. & McKay, J. (1996). Action research into the quality of student learning: A
paradigm for faculty development. Journal of Higher Education, (65)5, pp. 528-554.
Kember, D., Wong, A. & Leung, D.Y.P. (1999). Reconsidering the dimensions of approaches to
learning. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 69, pp. 323-343.
Mohammed, N. (1999) The effectiveness of the distance education programme in MARA
Institute of Technology (Cardiff University, Cardiff).
Morgan, A., Gibbs, G., & Taylor, E. (1980) Students' approaches to studying. The Social
Science and Technology foundation courses: Preliminary studies (Study Methods Group
Reports IET-SMG-4) (Milton Keynes, The Open University).
Nie, N. J., Hull, C. H., Jenkins, J. G., Steinbrenner, K., & Bent, D. H. (1975) Statistical package
for the social sciences (2nd Edition). (New York, McGraw-Hill).
86
Ramsden, P., & Entwistle, N. J. (1981) Effects of academic departments on students'
approaches to studying. British Journal of Education Psychology, 51, pp.368-383.
Richardson, J. T. E., Morgan, A., & Woodley, A. (1999). Approaches to studying in distance
education. Higher Education, 37, pp.23-55.
Schmeck, R. R., Ribich, F., & Ramanaiah, N. (1977) Development of a self -report inventory
for assessing individual differences in learning processes. Applied Psychological
Measurement 1, pp. 413-431.
Thang, S. M. (2001) Malaysian learners' conceptions of their learning processes and their
perceptions of their English as a Second Language courses in a tertiary distance learning
context. Unpublished PhD thesis (University of Nottingham, Nottingham).
Universiti Sains Malaysia. (1993) Conference in distance education. (Pulau Pinang, Universiti
Sains Malaysia).
Watkins, D. (1983) Assessing tertiary study processes. Human Learning, 2, pp. 29-37.
Watkins, D. (1996) Hong Kong secondary school learners: A developmental perspective, in:
D. Watkins & J. B. Biggs (Eds.), The Chinese learner: Cultural, psychological and contextual
influences (Hong Kong, Australian Council for Educational Research and the Comparative
Educational Research Centre, University of Hong Kong).
Watkins, D., & Hattie, J. (1981) The learning process of Australian University students:
Investigation of contextual and psychological factors. British Journal of Educational
Psychology, 51, pp. 384-393.