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İnsanlıkdışı Suçların İşlenmesinde Ahlâkî Bağlantının Kesilmesi (Çeviri)

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Abstract (Original Language): 
Ahlâkî yargılar oluşturma ve ahlâkî eylemde bulunma kapasitesi, hem insanlık dışı bir şekilde davranmaktan sakınma gücünde hem de insanca davranmak için önleyici tedbirler alma gücünde kendini gösterir. Ahlâkî aracılık, kendine-yönelik yaptırımlarla bağlantılı kişisel ahlâkî değerlerde kökleşmiş kendini-örgütleyen, önleyici tedbirler alan, kendini-gözlemleyen ve kendini-düzenleyici mekanizmaları kapsayan daha geniş bir sosyo-bilişsel öz kuramında gömülüdür. Etkinleştirilmedikleri takdirde ahlâkî davranışı yöneten kendini-düzenleyici mekanizmalar etkili olmazlar ve kendisi sayesinde ahlâkî öz-yaptırımların merhametsiz davranışla bağlantısının kesildiği çok sayıda psiko-sosyal manevra vardır. Ahlâkî bağlantısızlık, ahlâkî gerekçelendirme, arındırıcı dil, avantajlı kıyaslama; sorumluluğun yayılması ya da yerinin değiştirilmesiyle kişisel aracılık anlamının reddedilmesi; eylemlerin zararlı etkilerinin küçümsenmesi ya da önemsenmemesi; kurban edilenlerin canavarlaştırılması ya da suçun onlara atfedilmesiyle bilişsel olarak insanlık dışı davranışın iyi huylu veya değerli bir davranışa dönüştürülmesi üzerine odaklanır. Çok sayıda insanlık dışı davranış, sorumluluğun yayılması ve işlevlerinin bölünmesi sonucu, başka açılardan düşünceli oldukları halde yıkıcı etkinliklere katkıda bulunan insanlar tarafından yürütülen destekleyici bir meşru girişimler ağı içinde gerçekleşir. Ahlâkî kontrolü kesintiye uğratan çok sayıdaki mekanizma göz önünde bulundurulursa, uygar yaşam, insanlığa yakışır kişisel ilkelere ilaveten, merhameti destekleyen ve acımasızlığı reddeden sosyal sistemler içine inşa edilmiş korunma önlemlerini gerektirir.
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