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GÜNEY KORE’NİN İNOVASYON AKTÖRLERİ: ÜNİVERSİTE, SANAYİ VE KAMU ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZLERİNİN ANALİZİ

INNOVATION ACTORS IN SOUTH KOREA: AN ANAYLYSIS OF UNIVERSTY, INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT RESEARCH CENTERS

Journal Name:

  • Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2012

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Korea’s rapid economic growth and industrial transformation are treated as a success story in world economic history. Innovation efforts of government, industry and universities to develop technological competitiveness have built competitive power of Korea globally. This article will investigate the status of innovation actors, university, government research institutes (GRI) and in dustry, and their relationships with each other. Firstly, although universities hire 27% of the total research personnel of Korea and Ph.D. holder scientists and engineers are mostly concentrated in universities (66%), most of the patents registered from the early years of industrialization to present come from industry. Most important output of universities is the scientific publications. Korea now ranks 15th in the world in terms of the number of SCI publications. Secondly, GRIs helped domestic industries to acquire foreign technology and to develop their own technology. They also cultivated experienced researchers and spread them to newly founded private research centers and universities. Thirdly, another important innovation actor was industry, especially big family holdings namely Chaebols that were working to produce a few types of products with mass customization in early years of industrialization. Over time, they were busy on improving quality, R&D and technological superiority. Role of SMEs was either suppliers of big companies in some processes or manufacturing of simple, labor oriented products. However, support policies of Korean government for SMEs caused to focus on R&D oriented production since Asian financial crisis in 1997.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Teknolojik bir rekabet gücü elde etmek için hükümetin, endüstrinin ve üniversitelerin inovasyon gayretleri Kore’nin küresel rekabet gücüne sahip olmasının önünün açtı. Bu makale üniversiteler, kamu araştırma kurumları ve özel sektör gibi inovasyon aktörlerinin durumlarını ve birbirleriyle olan ilişkilerini araştırmaktadır. Üniversiteler Kore deki araştırmacıların % 27’sini, doktoralı mühendis ve bilim insanlarının ise %66’sını bünyesinde barındırmalarına rağmen, kalkınmanın ilk yıllarından bu yana patent başvurularında özel sektör her zaman önde oldu. Üniversiteler daha çok bilimsel yayınlarda öne çıkarak, SCI endeksli yayın sayısına göre Kore’nin dünyada 15. ülke olmasını sağladılar. Kamu araştırma merkezleri yerli sanayinin yabancı teknolojiyi içselleştirerek geliştirmelerine yardımcı oldular. Ayrıca tecrübeli araştırmacıları yetiştirip üniversitelere ve yeni kurulan endüstriyel araştırma merkezlerine gönderen bir okul vazifesi yaptılar. Üçüncü önemli inovasyon aktörü özel kuruluşlarıdır. Rekabet gücünü elde etmede büyük aile holdingleri olan ‘chaebollerin’ katkısı büyüktür. Kuruluşlarının ilk yıllarında seri üretimle bir kaç kalem üreten chaeboller zamanla kalite artırımı, teknolojik üstünlüğü elde etme gibi amaçlarla araştırma ve geliştirme faaliyetlerine önem verdiler. Daha çok büyük holdinglerin teminatçısı olan ve emeğe dayalı üretim yapan küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler ise özellikle 1997 Asya finansal krizi sonrasında uygulanan hük ümet politikalarıyla araştırma ve geliştirme merkezli üretime odaklandılar.
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