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ESKİ UYGURCADA ĀYURVEDA TIBBI VE BEŞ UNSUR

AYURVEDIC MEDICINE AND THE FIVE ELEMENTS IN OLD UYGHUR

Journal Name:

  • Türkiyat Mecmuası

Publication Year:

  • 2014

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
“The science of the life” the meaning of ayurvedic medicine, in general, depends on the five elements composed of the living being body. The living body and character feature consists of five elements, and adversely affected of these five elements causes both physically and mentally ill live. Again, the three humors of the body consists of five elements vata, pitta, kapha occur depends on many diseases. Also, depending on the three humors in the body “plasma, muscle, fat, blood, bone, marrow and reprodictive" are formed and these three humors to be healthy organs must be healthy. Person is healthy or sick enough to be significant in the five elements of food that people eat is also important. People should eat and drink “sweet, salty, sour, pungent, bitter, astringen” the six tastes according to the season. So that in body and mind of the person will be saved from the disease. Ayurvedic medicine which has an important place in the culture of ancient Indian gained in Buddhism aiming to reach salvation and associated a religious values. Ayurveda medicine mixed with Buddhism, and was spread large geographical by Buddhism, and were fused with the culture of the spread places also. Among the this cultures can be counted the Uyghurs also. Uyghur has received Chinese, Tibetan Buddhism and many texts have turned into their own language.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
“Yaşam bilgisi” anlamındaki āyurveda tıbbı, genel olarak canlı bedenini oluşturan beş unsura bağlıdır. Canlı bedeni ve karakter özellikleri beş unsurdan oluşur ve bu beş unsurun olumsuz olarak etkilenmesi canlının hem bedensel hem de zihinsel olarak hastalanmasına neden olur. Yine beş unsurdan oluşan vücudun üç unsuru vaṭa, pitta, kaphaya bağlı pek çok hastalık meydana gelir. Ayrıca vücuttaki üç unsura bağlı olarak “plazma, kas, yağ, kan, kemik, ilik ve cinsel organlar” oluşur ve bu organların sağlıklı olması için de üç unsurun sağlıklı olması gerekir. Kişinin sağlıklı ya da hasta olmasında beş unsurun önemli olması kadar kişinin yediği yiyecekler de önemlidir. Kişi “tatlı, tuzlu, ekşi, buruk, acı, kekremsi” olarak sıralanan altı tadı mevsimine göre yiyip içmelidir. Böylece kişi bedeninde ve zihninde oluşan hastalıklardan kurtulmuş olacaktır. Eski Hint kültüründe önemli yere sahip olan āyurveda tıbbı, canlıların bedenini ve zihnini kurtararak kurtuluşa ulaştırmayı hedefleyen Budizm ile birleşmiş ve dinî bir değer kazanmıştır. Budizm ile yoğrulan āyurveda tıbbı, Budizm sayesinde geniş coğrafyalara yayılmış ve yayıldıkları yerlerin kültürleriyle de kaynaşmıştır. Bu kültürler arasında Uygurları da sayabiliriz ki Uygurlar Çin, Tibet gibi milletlerden Budizmi almış ve buna bağlı olarak da pek çok eseri kendi dillerine çevirmişlerdir.
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