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DİN PSİKOLOJİSİ AÇISINDAN GENEL BİR ATIF TEORİSİ

Journal Name:

  • Erciyes Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2001
Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Burada, bir atıf kavramını ve araştırma bulgularının din psikolojisine uyarlanabil irli-ğini gösteren formel bir teori geliştirildi ve bu konu tartışıldı, ilk önce, atıf teorisi genel hatlarıyla takdim edildi ve burada insanların üç temel İhtiyacı veya arzusunun -anlam arama, sonuçları kontrol altına alma ve özsaygı -atıf süreci boyunca önemli sebepler olduğu özerinde duruldu. Bu üçlü güdüsel sebepler, bu teorinin temellendiği çatı üzerinde temel bir çerçeve oluşturur. Şuna inanılmaktadır ki, dinî ve tabiatla ilgili anlamlandırma-inanç sistemleri aynı anda çoğu kez o kişinin halihazırdaki dünya görüşünde vardır. Özel bir durumla ilgili ortaya konacak dinî veya gayri dinî izah öngören spesifik faktörler kolayca tespit edilebilir. Bu faktörler dört geniş kategoride ele alınabilir; atfedenin özellikleri, atfedenin içerisinde bulunduğu durum, olayın özellikleri ve cereyan ettiği ortam. Bu herbir kategori içerisinde geliştirilen spesifik örnekler, gelecekte yapılacak geniş oranda test edilebilir ampirik hipotezlerde olduğu gibi halihazırdaki din psikolojisi literatürü için bir halka teşkil edecektir. Neden bulma, dinin temel özelliğidir. Bütün dünya genelinde, yazılı tarihin bütün evrelerinde, yazılı metinler ve ilahiyatlar, evren nasıl yaratıldı, varlık içerisinde insan niçin özel bir yere sahiptir, mevsimsel değişmeler ve doğal afetler niçin meydana gelir, niçin bazı kimseler başarı içerisindeyken diğer bazıları başarısızdır, niçin herkes arasıra eziyet görmekte olduğundan ve sonunda öleceğinden bahseder. Din psikolojisinin önemli görevlerinden birisi de, halkın bu çeşit dinî izahta kullandıkları yolları tanımlamaktır. Sıradan gözlemler göstermektedir ki, herkes aynı ölçüde buna dayanmamaktadır ve hatta en dindar kemseler dahi (en azından bizim Batı kültürü) kültürümüzde her olan şeyi dinî terimlerle açıklama-maktadırlar. Öyleyse, dinî izahların daha uygun olduğunu gerektiren faktörler olması lazımdır. Ayrıca her dinî yapı içerisinde bu çeşit inançlara götüren özellikler vardır. (-Allah'ın lütfü, Allah'ın adaleti, azizler, koruyucu melekler, şeytan, doğru veya doğru olmayarak yapılan ritüeller, etkili veya etkili olmayan dualar, doğru veya yanlış tavırlar-) Yahudi-Hıristiyan geleneğinden birkaçı böyledir. Eğer bir kimse özel bir tecrübe veya olaya kalkışırsa, bunlardan hangisini yardıma çağırır?
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