Buradasınız

La gestión del talento: Líneas de trabajo y procesos clave

Talent Management: Working lines and key processes

Journal Name:

Publication Year:

DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.518
Abstract (2. Language): 
Purpose: Talent management represents today a challenge for companies, since the contribution of value comes increasingly from the area of intangible capital. The current paradigm of expanding technology and competitive dynamics, makes talent management that companies realize a critical success factor in today's markets. However, there is no generally accepted theoretical framework and empirical studies sufficient to demonstrate the role of talent management in creating competitive advantage. Therefore, the first objective of this paper is to analyze the evolution of talent management, to understand more deeply their fundamental dimensions: people and key positions in the organization. From these dimensions, as a second objective of the research is proposed to classify and characterize the literature about four alternative ways of study, according to the treatment they receive such dimensions and thus improve understanding of the role of talent management in business strategy. Design/methodology: To develop this paper we have selected the major contributions to the field of talent management, with particular emphasis on certain meta-analysis very quoted by the scientific community (Lewis & Heckman, 2006; Collings & Mellahi, 2009; Tarique & Schuler, 2010). In addition we have select additional papers published in high impact journals seen in ABI/Inform, Science Direct, SCOPUS, and EBSCO (Business Source Complete), through the keywords "Gestión del Talento", "Plan de Gestión del Talento" and "Modelo de Gestión de Talento" and its English equivalent "Talent Management", "Talent Management Plans/Systems" and "Talent Management Framework/Model". Findings: From this review, we extracted the existence of different ways of understanding and talent management apply in organizations and even different understandings of what is talent itself. For this, we describe the basic dimensions of talent management (people and key positions) and four alternative ways are established talent management as the treatment of these dimensions. Furthermore, we conclude that any talent plan includes processes or phases: attraction, selection, identification, development and retention. Originality/value: Unlike other proposals, we consider it necessary to incorporate an additional referral study around key positions in the organization. Thus, characterization and cataloging of the previous literature is provided, as well as comparative analysis of heterogeneous definitions of talent and talent management. Furthermore, we propose that talent management is not just a tool for the implementation of the strategy, but it is situate since the start of the strategic process, that is, from strategic formulation. Thus, we focus on the approach advocated from the third line of study.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Objeto: La gestión del talento supone hoy en día un reto para las empresas, toda vez que la aportación de valor se produce cada vez más desde el área del capital intangible. El paradigma actual de expansión de la tecnología y dinamismo competitivo, hace de la gestión del talento que las compañías realizan, un factor crítico del éxito en los actuales mercados. Sin embargo, no existe un marco teórico de general aceptación ni estudios empíricos que demuestren suficientemente el papel de la gestión del talento en la creación de ventajas competitivas. Por ello, el primer objetivo de este trabajo es el análisis de la evolución de la gestión del talento, para comprender con mayor detalle sus dimensiones fundamentales: personas y puestos clave de la organización. A partir de estas dimensiones, como segundo objetivo de la investigación, se proponer clasificar y caracterizar la literatura alrededor de cuatro vías alternativas de estudio, según el tratamiento que reciban tales dimensiones y, por tanto, mejorar la comprensión del papel de la gestión del talento en la estrategia empresarial. Diseño/metodología/enfoque: Para el desarrollo del trabajo se han seleccionado las principales contribuciones al campo de la gestión del talento, destacando especialmente ciertos metanálisis de gran reconocimiento entre la comunidad científica (Lewis & Heckman, 2006; Collings & Mellahi, 2009; Tarique & Schuler, 2010). Además, se han seleccionado trabajos adicionales publicados en revistas de impacto incluidas en ABI/Inform, Science Direct, SCOPUS y EBSCO (Business Source Complete), a través de las palabras clave “Gestión de talento”, “Plan de gestión de talento”, “Modelo de gestión de talento”, y sus equivalentes en inglés “Talent management” “Talent Management plans/systems” y “Talent management frame/model”.Aportaciones y resultados: De la revisión mencionada, se extrae la existencia de diferentes formas de entender la gestión de talento y de aplicarla en las organizaciones e, incluso, diferentes formas de entender lo que es el talento en sí mismo. Para ello, se describen las dimensiones básicas de la gestión del talento (personas y puestos clave) y se establecen cuatro vías alternativas de gestión de talento, según el tratamiento de dichas dimensiones. Además, concluimos que todo plan de talento comprende los procesos o fases de: atracción, selección, identificación, desarrollo y retención. Originalidad / Valor añadido: A diferencia de otras propuestas, consideramos necesario incorporar una vía de estudio adicional en torno a las posiciones o puestos clave de la organización. De este modo, se facilita la caracterización y catalogación de la literatura previa, así como el análisis comparado de las heterogéneas definiciones sobre talento y gestión de talento. Además, proponemos que la gestión del talento no solo es un instrumento al servicio de la implantación o puesta en marcha de la estrategia, sino que cabe situarla desde el inicio del proceso estratégico, esto es, desde la formulación estratégica. De este modo, apostamos por el planteamiento defendido desde la tercera vía de estudio, tal y como se describirá en el trabajo.
1003
1025

JEL Codes:

REFERENCES

References: 

AL ARISS, A.; CASCIO, W.F.; PAAUWE, J. (2014). Talent management: Current theories and
future research direction. Journal of World Business, 49(2): 173-179.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2013.11.001
AMIT, R.; SCHOEMAKER, P. (1993). Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic
Management Journal, 14(1): 33-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250140105
ASHTON, C.; MORTON, L. (2005). Managing talent for competitive advantage. Strategic
Human Resources Review, 4(5): 28-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14754390580000819
ATHEY, R. (2008). It's 2008: Do you know where your talent is? Why acquisition and retention
strategies don't work. A Deloitte Research Study, Deloitte development.
AXELROD, B.; HANDFIELD-JONES, H.; MICHAELS, E. (2002). A new game plan for C players.
Harvard Business Review, 80(1); 80-88.
BARNEY, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of
management, 17(1): 99-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
BYHAM, W.C. (2001). Are leaders born or made?. Workspan, 44(12): 56-60.
CAPPELLI, P. (2008a). Talent on demand. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
CAPPELLI, P. (2008b). Talent management for the twenty-first century. Harvard Business
Review, March: 74-81.
CHAMBERS, E.G.; FOULON, M.; HANDFIELD-JONES, H.; HANKIN, S.M.M.; MICHAELS III, E.O.
(1998). The war for talent. McKinsey Consulting Group.
CHOWANEC, G.D.; NEWSTROM, C.N. (1991). The strategic management of international
human resources. Business Quarterly, 56(2): 65-70.CLAUSSEN, J.; GROHSJEAN, F.; LUGER J.; PROBST, G. (2014). Talent management and career
development: What it takes to get promoted. Journal of World Business, 49(2014):
236-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2013.11.007
COHN, J.M., KHURANA, R.; REEVES, L. (2005). Growing talent as if your business depended on
it. Harvard Business Review, 83(10): 63-70.
COLLINGS, D.G.; MELLAHI, K. (2009). Strategic talent management: A review and research
agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 19(2009): 304–313.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.04.001
CONGER, J.A.; FULMER, R.M. (2003). Developing your leadership pipeline. Harvard Business
Review, 81(12): 76-84.
DRIES, N. (2013). Talent management, from phenomenon to theory: Introduction to the
Special Issue. Human Resource Management Review, 23(2013): 267-271.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2013.08.006
GARNER, T. (1999). Holding on to high performerís: A strategic approach to retention.
Compensation and Benefits management, 15(4): 10-17.
GONZÁLEZ, T.F.; MARTÍNEZ, C.; PARDO DEL VAL, M. (2009). La gestión del talento en la
empresa industrial española. Economía industrial, 374: 21-35.
GRANT, R.M. (1991). The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for
Strategy. California Management Review, 33(Spring): 3.
GRANT, R.M. (1996). Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management
Journal, 17(Winter): 109-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250171110
HANDFIELD-JONES, H.; MICHAELS, E.; AXELROD, B. (2001). Talent management: A critical
part of every leader job. Business Journal, 66(2): 53-58.
HEINEN, J.S.; O'NEILL, C. (2004). Managing talent to maximize performance. Employment
Relations Today, 31: 67-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ert.20018
HILTON, D.M. (2000). Hiring and retaining top talent. Credit Union Executive Journal, 40(5):
12-16.
HUSELID, M.A.; BECKER, B.E. (2005). "A Players" or "A positions"? The strategic logic of
workforce management. Harvard Business Review, 83(10): 72-85.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206306293668
HUSELID, M.A.; BECKER, B.E. (2006). Strategic Human Resources Management: Where Do We
Go From Here?. Journal of Management, 32: 898.HUSELID, M.; BEATTY, D.; BECKER, B. (2009). The differentiated workforce: Transforming
talent into strategic impact. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press.
JACKSON, S.E.; SCHULER, R.S. (1990). Human resource planning: Challenges for industrial
organizational psychologists. American Psicologist, 45(2): 223-239.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.2.223
JOYCE, W.F.; SLOCUM, J.W. (2012). Top management talent, strategic capabilities, and firm
performance. Organizational Dynamics, 41(3): 183-193.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2012.03.001
KEHINDE, J. (2012). Talent Management: Effect on Organization Performances. Journal of
Management Research, 4(2): 178-186. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v4i2.937
KRISTOF, A. (1996). Person-Organization Fit: An Integrative Review Of Its Conceptualizations,
Measurement, and Implications. Personnel Psychology, 49(1): 1-49.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1996.tb01790.x
LAWLER, E. III; LEVENSON, A.; BOUDREAU, J. (2004). HR metrics and analytics: Use and
impact. Human Resource Planning, 27: 27-36.
LEONARD, K. (2011). Talent Acquisition Factbook 2011: Benchmarks and Trends of Spending,
Staffing and Key Talent Metrics. BERSIN by Deloitte. http://www.bersin.com/Talent-Acquisition-
Factbook-2011-Benchmarks-and-Trends-of-Spending-Staffing-and-Key-Talent-Metrics/
LEWIS, R.E.; HECKMAN, R.J. (2006). Talent management: A critical review. Human Resource
Management Review, 16(2): 139-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2006.03.001
LOCKWOOD, N. (2007). Leveraging employee engagement for competitive advantage: HR´s
strategic role. Society for human research development, 52(3): 1-10.
MERCER, H.R. (2005). Research and Results. Strategic HR Review, 4(5): 14-15.
MICHAELS, E.; HANFIELD-JONES, H.; AXELROD, B. (2001). The war for talent. Watertown, MA:
Harvard Business School Press.
OLSEN, R. (2000). Harnessing the internet with human capital. Management Journal, 43(11):
24-27.
PASCAL, C. (2004). Foreword. In A. Schweyer (Ed.), Talent management systems: Best
practices in technology solutions for recruitment, retention, and workforce planning.
Canada: Wiley.
PEGELS, C.C. (1981). A Mayor chain application to an engineering manpower. IEEE Transitions
on Engineering Management, 28(2): 39-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEM.1981.6448575READY, D.A.; CONGER, J.A. (2007). Make your company a talent factory. Harvard Business
Review, 85(6): 68-70.
ROTHWELL, W.J. (1994). Effective succession planning: Ensuring leadership continuity and
building talent from within. New York: Amazon.
SCHWEYER, A. (2004). Telent management systems: Best practices in technology solutions for
recruitment, retention and workforce planning. Canada: Wiley.
SCULLION, H.; COLLINGS, D.G.; CALIGIURI, P. (2010). Global Talent Management. Journal of
World Business, 45: 105-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2009.09.011
SCULLION, H.; COLLINGS, D.G. (2011). Global Talent Management. New York, NY: Taylor &
Francis.
SMART, B.D. (1999). Topgrading: How leading companies win by hiring coaching, and keeping
the best people. Paramus, NJ: Prentice Hall Press
STAHL, G.K.; BJORKMAN, I.; FARNDALE, E.; MORRIS, S.S.; PAAUWE, J.; STILES, P. ET AL.
(2012). Six principles of effective global talent management. Mit Sloan Management Review,
53(2): 25-42.
STAHLMAN, E.J.; LEWIS, R.E. (1994). Workforce transition model for US Department of Energy
¡n nuclear reconfiguration. International Journal of Industrial Engineering, 1(3): 1-12.
SULLIVAN, J. (2005). Talent management: To build, buy or trade?. Human Resources (Auz)
www.erexchange.com (Web inactiva)
TARIQUE, I.; SCHULER, R.S. (2010). Global talent management: Literature review, integrative
framework and suggestions for further research. Journal of world business, 45: 122-133.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2009.09.019
TEECE, D.J.; PISANO, G.; SHUEN, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management.
Strategic Management Journal, 18(7): 509-533.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z
WALKER, J.W.; LAROCCO, J.M. (2002). Talent Pools: The best and the rest. Human Resource
Planning, 25(3): 12-14.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com