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GÜNEŞ ENERJİSİ TOPLAYICILARINDA EĞİM VE YÖNLENDİRMENİN YARARLANABİLİRLİĞE ETKİSİ

EFFECT OF COLLECTOR SLOPE AND ORIENTATION ON SOLAR ENERGY UTILIZATION

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Abstract (2. Language): 
The study is based upon the measured values of daily global and diffuse solar radiation on a horizontal surface which are taken in Izmir, Turkey. The optimum tilt angle of solar collector is determined between 0° and 61° and changed by the time period through the year. In winter (December, January, and February) the tilt should be 55,7°, in spring (March, April, and May) 18,3°, in summer (June, July, and August) 4,3°, and in autumn (September, October, and November) 43°. Annually, optimum tilt is found to be 30,3° as a fixed tilt throughout the year. Also, these measured values are compared with other equations put forward for calculating the optimum tilt angles. Small deviations are observed between 2,87o and 5,90o. The equations that give a result higher then 3o as a deviation are not suitable to calculate the optimum tilt angle. If solar collector is installed on the monthly optimum tilt angle, optimum azimuth angle () has to be 0o for all months of the year. However, azimuth angle of the solar collector has to be (=± 60°) if the slope is chose (β60°) in April. In addition, azimuth angle of the solar collector has to be (= ±75°) if the slope is chose (40°) in May and August, azimuth angle of the solar collector has to be (= ±90°) if the slope is chose (30°) in June and July, azimuth angle of the solar collector has to be (= ±45°) if the slope is chose (β70°) in September.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu çalışmada, İzmir ilinde yatay yüzey üzerine gelen, günlük toplam ve yayılı güneş ışınım değerleri ölçülerek, güneş enerjisi toplayıcılarının optimum eğim açısı, zamana bağlı olarak 0o ile 61o arasında hesaplanmıştır. Kış aylarında optimum eğim açısının 55,7o, ilkbahar ve sonbahar aylarında 18,3o-43o, yaz aylarında ise 4,3o olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Bütün yıl boyunca sabit optimum eğim açısı değeri ise 30,3o olarak elde edilmiştir. Ölçülen bu değerler, optimum eğim açısı hesaplama yöntemleriyle karşılaştırılmış ve 2,87o ile 5,9o arasında değişen sapmalar gözlenmiştir. 3o’nin üzerinde gözlenen sapmaların elde edildiği eşitliklerin uygun olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bütün aylar için, optimum eğim açısına ayarlanmış güneş enerjisi toplayıcılarının optimum yüzey azimut açısı () değeri 0o bulunmuştur. Güneş ışınımından en fazla faydalanmak için, Nisan ayında, eğim açısı (β60°) seçilen toplayıcılarda=± 60°), Mayıs ve Ağustos aylarında eğim açısı (β40°) seçilen toplayıcılarda (= ±75°), Haziran ve Temmuz aylarında eğim açısı (β30°) seçilen toplayıcılarda (= ±90°), Eylül ayında ise eğim açısı (β70°) seçilen toplayıcılarda (= ±45°) olması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
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