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Osmanlı Hıristiyan Vakıf Belgerinde Tercüme ve Sahtecilik

Forgeries and Translations of Ottoman Christian K/^Documents

Journal Name:

  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2014

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
The Ottoman zimmi donations for the benefit of their religious institutions are a thorny issue in Islamic/ottoman jurisprudence. Ottoman muftis following the founders of the Hanafi madhab employed istihsan to address the problem of validity of zimmi vakfs and their inalienability. Molla Khusrev allowed Christian foundations to operate and favored the lenient opinion of Abu Hanifa vis-â-vis Christian vakfs. He however did not manage to solve the problem of inalienability until Ebussuud Efendi categorized church vakfs as family vakfs (vakf khurri). The forgeries of the confiscation firman of Selim II found in Athonite monasteries are written in Ottoman and Greek and date from the 17th and 18th centuries. Despite the accommodation ottoman law provided to monastic institutions, the exploitation of their properties and the need to remain unchallenged actors in their local communities lie behind the forgeries' creation. The degree of success when presented in the ottoman judicial system though varies according to the case.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Osmanlı zimmîlerinin kendi dini kurumları için yaptıkları bağışlar, Osmanlı-lslam hukukunun çetrefil bir konusudur. Hanefi mezhebinin kurucularını takip eden Osmanlı uleması zimmî vakıfların geçerliliği ve dokunulmazlığı sorununu çözmek için istihsan kavramını kullandılar. Molla Hüsrev, Hıristiyan vakıfların varlıklarını sürdürmesine müsamaha gösterirken Ebu Hanife'nin aynı konu hakkındaki görüşünü benimsedi. Ancak, kilise vakıflarının devredilemezliği konusu, meseleyi aile vakfı (Zürri vakıf) sınıfına sokan Ebussud'a kadar çözülemedi. II. Selim'e ait müsadere fermanının 17 ve 18. yüzyılada yazılmış Osmanlıca ve Yunanca sahteleri, Aynaroz Manastırı'nda bulunmaktadır. Osmanlı hukukunun Hıristiyan kurumlarına sağladığı düzenlemeye rağmen, bu türden sahte belge üretiminin gerisinde, manastırların kendi mülklerini sorunsuz işletme ve yörelerindeki halkın gözünde tartışılmaz aktörler olarak var olma isteği yer almaktaydı. Sahtecilik olayı Osmanlı yargı sistemine taşındığında ise başarı derecesi duruma göre değişmektedir.
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