Buradasınız

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ROLE OF UNDERCLASS

Sınıf-Altının Sosyo-Ekonomik Rolü

Journal Name:

Publication Year:

Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Bu yazının amacı son 30 yıldır özellikle kapitalist toplumlarda önemli bir sorun haline gelen sınıf altı (underclass) kavramını ve ilgili kuramları kısaca tartışmak ve sınıf altı'nın kapitalist sistem içerisindeki rolünü belirleyen faktörleri tanımlamaktır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma sınıf-altı kavramını tarihsel gelişimi içinde tartışma girişiminde bulunulacaktır. Ek olarak bu çalışma sınıf-altı tanımlarını tartışarak bu kavramın yoksulluklar ilgisini (yeniden) kurmaya çalışacaktır. Bunların dışında sınıf-altı ve ilgili kuramlar (alış-veriş kuramı, toplumsal kontrol kuramı, yapısal kuramlar ve çatışma kuramı) bu çalışmada yer almaktadır. Çalışmanın son bölümlerinde sınıf-altı'nın "kapitalist" bir toplumda oynadığı rolleri araştırmaya yönelen bir tartışma yer almaktadır.
Abstract (Original Language): 
The purpose of this paper is to discuss underclass conception and related theories and to identify the factors that explain the role of underclass, which has became one of the important problems in capitalist societies in last three decades. Thus, this paper attempts to discuss the development of underclass conception in a historical perspective. Additionally this study includes a discussion of underclass definitions and tries to (re)-connect it to poverty conception. Moreover, a discussion of underclass and related theories (exchange theory, social control theory, structural theories, and conflict theory) is employed. The next part of the paper includes a short discussion of recent debates on the subject. Lastly, a discussion on the subject of the role of underclass in a "capitalist" society is taken place on the paper.
87
106

REFERENCES

References: 

Alcock, P. Understanding Poverty. Basingstoke: Palgrave. 1997 (2nd Ed.).
Auletta, Ken. The Underclass. The Overlook Press: New York. (1982). Second addition Random House: New York. 1999.
Bell, David. The Coming of Post Industrial Society. New York: Basic Books.
1974.
Blau. Peter M. Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: Willey Press.
1964.
Bosanquet, N. and Doeringer, P. "Is There a Dual Labor Market in Great Britain?" Economic Journal. V5:67-82. 1973.
Brown, Joan. The Focus on Single Mothers. In Charles Murray and Underclass: The Developing Debate Charles Murray. Ed. By Ruth Lister. London. Health and Welfare Unit. 1999.
Burt, Ronald S. "Structural Holes versus Network Closure as Social Capital."
Pp. 31-56 in Nan Lin, Karen Cook, and Ronald S. Burt (eds.), Social Capital: Theory and Research. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. 2001.
Cain, G. C. "The Challenge of Dual and Radical Theories of the Labor Market to Orthodox Theory". American Economic Review. Papers and Proceedings. 1975.
Cheal, D. New Poverty: Families in Postmodern Society. Westport: Greenwood.
1996.
Cohen, Stanley. Vision of Social Control. London: Polity Press. 1985.
Coleman, James S. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, M.A.: Harvard University Press. 1990.
Cook, Karen, and J. M. Whitmeyer. "Two Approaches to Social Structure: Exchange Theory and Network Analysis." Annual Review of Sociology
18:109-127. 1992.
103
Şinasi ÖZTÜRK
Cook, Karen, G. A. Fine, and J. H. House. Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 1995.
Dahrendorf, Ralf. Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 1959.
Dosse, Francois. History of Structuralism (2 volumes). University of Minnesota
Press, 1998.
Gans, Herbert. "Deconstructing the Underclass". Journal of the American Planning Association. 1990.
Gibbs, Jack P. Control: Sociologies Central Notion. Urbana: University of
Illinois Press. 1989.
Giddens, Anthony. The Class Structure of the Advanced Societies. London. Hutchinson. 1973.
Glasgow, Douglas G. The Black Underclass. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
Publishers. 1980.
Gordon, David M. Theories of Poverty and Underemployment. Massachusetts: Lexington Books. 1972.
Hamilton, David Boyce. A Primer on the Economics of Poverty. Random
House. 1968.
Harrington, Michael. The New American Poverty. New York: Penguin Books.
1984.
Homans, G. Social Behavior; its Elementary Forms. New York: Harcourt
Brace. 1961.
Hunter, LC and Mulvey, C. Economics of Wages and Labor, Macmillan. 1981.
Jencks, Christopher. Rethinking Social Policy: Race, Policy and Underclass. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1992.
Katz, Michael B. The Underclass Debate: Views from History. Princeton. 1993.
Kelso, William A. Power and the Underclass. New York: New York University
Press. 1994.
Kerr, C. "The Balkanization of Labor Markets" in E. Wight Bakke et al., Labor Mobility and Economic Opportunity. Cambridge: Technology Press.
1954.
Levi-Straus, C. The Savage Mind. Chicago: Chicago University Press. 1962.
Levitas, R. The Inclusive Society?: Social Exclusion and New Labor. Basingstoke: Macmillan. 1998.
104
Socio-Economic Role Of Underclass
Lewis. Oscar. A Study of Slum Culture: Back Grounds for La Vida. New York: Random House. 1968.
Lewis. Oscar. Five Families: Mexican Case Studies in the Culture of Poverty. New York: Basic Books. 1959.
Lundgren, Kajsa. Newsletter No: 2.
(http://www.arbetslivsinstitutet.se/workinglife/99-2/underclass.asp). 1999.
Malinvaud, Edmond. Mass Unemployment. New York: Basil Blackwell Inc.
1984.
Malinvaud, Edmond. The Theory of Unemployment Reconsidered. New York:
Basil Blackwell Inc. 1985.
Malthus, Thomas Robert. Principles of Political Economy. Variorum Edition. 2 volumes, edited by John Pullen: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 1989 (1809).
Marshall F R. Labor Economics. In Chapter 8. The Economics of Education and Training: Competing Theories, by Irwin, Boston. 1989.
Marx, Karl. Preface to a Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. Tr. S. W. Ryanzanskaya, edited by M. Dobb. London: Lawrence &
Whishart. 1971.
Marx, Karl. The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. 1852.
Massey, Douglas S. and Nancy A. Denton. American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. Cambridge. 1993.
Mauss, M. The Gift. New York: Free Press. 1954 (1925).
Mcnabb, R and G Psacharopoulos. "Further Evidence of the Relevance of the Dual Labor Market Hypothesis for the U.K." Journal of Human Resources. Vol. XVI pp. 442-448. 1982.
Mcnabb, R. "Testing for Labor Market Segmentation in Britain" Manchester
School. Vol. LV, No. 2, pp. 257-273. 1987.
Morris, Lydia. Dangerous Classes: The underclass and social citizenship.
London & New York: Rutledge. 1994.
Murray, Charles. Losing Ground. New York: Basic Books. 1984.
Murray, Charles. The Emerging British Underclass. New York: Basic Books.
1992.
Pottick, Kathleen J. "Testing the Underclass Concept by Surveying Attitudes and Behavior". Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare. Dec. vol. 17 (4). p. 117-125. 1990.
105
Şinasi ÖZTÜRK
Reich, M, Gordon, DM & Edwards, RC. "A Theory of Labor Market
Segmentation". The American Economic Review. Papers and Proceedings. 1973.
Rosenbaum, James E., Susan J. Popkin, Julie E. Kaufmann, Jennifer Rusin. "Social Integration of Low-income Black Adults in Middle-Class
White Suburbs". Social Problems. Nov. Vol. 38(4) p. 448-461. 1991.
Runciman, W. Garry. "How Many Classes are there in Contemporary British
Society?" Sociology. Vol. 24, pp. 377-396. 1990.
Sawhill, Isabell. "Income Inequality and the Underclass". In B. D. Papadimitrou
ed. Aspects of Distribution Wealth and Income. New York: St Martin'
Press. 1994.
Sloane, P J. "The Structure of Labor Markets and Low Pay for Women". Ch. 4 in P J Sloane .Women and Low Pay. Macmillan Press. 1980.
Takaki, Ronald. From Different Shores. New York: Oxford University Press.
1994.
Themstrom, Stephan and Abigail Thernstrom, America in Black and White: One Nation, Indivisible. New York. 1997.
Therborn, Goran. Why Some Peoples are more Unemployed Than Others.
Norfolk: Hertfort Press. 1986.
Tienda, Marta. "Puerto Ricans and the Underclass Debate". In W. Kelso. Power and the Underclass. New York: New York University Press. 1994.
Wilson, William Julius. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago. 1990.
Wilson, William Julius. The Underclass-The Ghetto Underclass: Social Science Perspectives. Sage Publications: London: 1993.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com