Pearl Trade In Thoothukudi Region - A Study

1.Report of the National Commission on Agriculture, Part.I
H, Fisheries, p.183.
2.S.Patrick. A.Roche., Fisherman of the coromandalA Social
study of the Paravas of Coromandal, New Delhi, 1984, p.28.
3.K.A.Nilakanta Sastri, Foreign Notices of South India from
Megasthenese to Mahan, Madras, 1938, pp.57-58.
4.K.Rajayyan, History of Tamil Nadu, Madurai, 1995, p.74.
5.Nilakanta Sastri.K.A. Chofas, 1975, Madras, 1975, p.201.
6.S.I.I. Vol. HI, p.145.
7.N.Subramaniyam. History of Tamil Nadu, Madurai, 1991,
p.296.
8.Patrick.A. Roche. op.cit., p.41.
9.Ibid.,p.5l.
10.Patrick. A.Roche, Fisherman of the Coromandal A social
study of the Paravas of Coromand.al, New Delhi 1984, p.98.
11.ibid., p.513.
12.ibid., p.58.
13.Letter to Francisco Mansilhas from Francis Xavier,
Manapad, 3 August 1544.
14.Achillas Meersman, The Franciscans in Tamil Nadu, pp.
101-102.
15.A.J.Stuart, The Manual of Tinnevelly, p.158.
16.James Hornell, Sacred Chank of India,Vol VII, Madras,
1961,p.47.The last pearl fishery of Tuticorin closed in 1930
and though over
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twenty years have elapsed since, there has not been as yet any
sign of a commercial spat fall, D.W.Devanesen, Results
obtained at the Pearl Oyster farm, Krusadi Island, Gulf of
Mannar and their application to problem relating to the Pearl
Fisheries in the Gulf of Mannar, Part. I, Government Press,
Madras, 1951, p.24.
17.Ibid., p.17.
18.H.R.Pate, Tirunelveli District, Ga:atteer, Vol.!, Madras,
1911, p.122.
19.Jesuit Litterae Annuals, 1700, From the Provincial of the
Fishery coast to the Jesuit Genera! in Rome, MJPA.
20.Patrick A. Roche, op.cil.. p.107.
21.G.Vane, Pearl Fisheries in Ceylon, Selections from the
Records of Bombay Government, No.L XXXV[, pp. 1 -47.
22.H.K.Ghazi, Madras Journal of Fisheries, Vol.!, No.1 July
1962, Madras, p.96, Tollayiram paar was one of the most
productive pearl banks in the Fishery Coast.
P.S.Sambandamurthy, "Surface Plankton of the Pearl Bank,
Tollayiram Paar of Thoothukudi", Madras Journal of
Fisheries, July 1962, No. 1, p.75.
23.The English took Tuticorin from the Dutch in 1782 A.f
Stuart, A Manual of the Tinnevelly District in the Presidency
of Madras, p.47.
23.N.Athiyaman, Socio-Economy of Pearl Fishing Industry
of Gulf of Mannar During Colonial Period, Proceedings of
the Tamilnadu History Congress, Fifth Annual Session, p. 5.
24.Sanjay Subrahmaniam, Noble Harvest from the Sea:
Managing the Pearl Fishery of Mannar, 1500-1925, "Burton
Stein and Subrapmanvarn", op.cit., p.1 54.
25.Instruction to the Commissioner of Pearl Fisheries by
Governor Van Gollenese, Colombo, 1746, Se/ecu on from
the Records of the Madras Government, Dutch Records,
XIII, Madras, 1911, SRMG.
26.C.U.Aitchison, A Collection of Treaties, Engagements
and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries,
Vol.X, p.195.PRO C 0 59 No 28 G Brande Colonial Audit
Office to Sir. Wilomot Horton Esq. 12 October 1824, Quoted
by Burton Stein and Sanjay Subrahmanyam, op.cit., p.159
27.James Hornell, The IndianPearl Fisheries of the Gulf of
Mannar and Palk Bay, Madras Fisheries Department
Bulletin, No.XVI, p.42.
28.Gabriel de Cruz Lazarus Motha Vaz was the last heir of
the chieftainship
29.Ibid, p.43.
30.James Hornell, Marine Fishery Investigation in Madras,
Madras Fisheries Department Bulletin, No. 8, p.116.
31.Ibid.; p.13.
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