You are here

Makarnalık Bugdaylarda Kalite ve Kaliteyi Etkileyen Faktörler

Quality in Durum Wheat and Factors Affected Quality

Journal Name:

Publication Year:

Keywords (Original Language):

Abstract (2. Language): 
Although Turkey is among the major producing countries with annual production capacity of 3 million tons, she imports durum wheat in recent years. The most important reason is that quality of product is not.desired level. Pasta quality is the basic criteria for determining the quality of durum wheat. This criteria is influenced by the rate of hardness and vitreousness of grain, test weight, the quality and amount of protein, milling quality, concentration of yellow pigment, activities of oxidative enzymes such as LOX and PPO. Cultivation techniques, use of certified seeds and ecological factors change the features and affected quality directly or indirectly. Pasta quality varies according to the end product, producer, milling industry, seed companies, pasta industry and consumers. To obtain high-quality products and to compete with producers countries in exporting should be regarded quality breeding studies. In this context, should benefit from agricultural biotechnology and genetic engineering.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Türkiye yıllık üç milyon ton üretim miktarı ile önemli üretici ülkeler arasında yer almasına ragmen makarnalık bugday ithal etmektedir. Bunun en önemli nedeni, üretilen ürünün kalite degerinin istenilen düzeyde olmamasıdır. Makarnalık bugdayın kalitesini belirleyen temel kriter makarnalık kalitesidir. Bu kriter; tanenin sertlik ve camsılık oranı, test (hektolitre) agırlıgı, protein miktarı ve kalitesi (gluten kuvveti), ögütme kalitesi, sarı pigment konsantrasyonu ile sarı renk kaybı veya renk kararmasına neden olan lipoksijenaz/lipoksidaz (LOX), polifenol oksidaz (PPO) gibi oksidatif enzimlerin aktiviteleri tarafından etkilenmektedir. Bahsedilen bu özellikler; çesit özelligi, sertifikalı tohumluk kullanımı, ekolojik faktörler ve yetistirme tekniklerine baglı olarak degismekte ve kaliteyi dogrudan ya da dolaylı olarak etkilemektedir. Makarnalık kalitesi, son ürüne, üreticiye, ögütme sanayisine, tohum firmalarına, makarna sanayisine ve tüketiciye göre degismektedir. Talep edilen kaliteli ürünü elde edebilmek ve ihracatta diger üretici ülkelerle rekabet edebilmek için, kalite ıslahı çalısmalarına önem verilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu anlamda, tarımsal biyoteknoloji ve genetik mühendisliginden faydalanılmalıdır.
113-120

REFERENCES

References: 

Aalami, M., Leelavathi, K., and Rao, U.J.S.P., 2007.
Spaghetti making potential of Indian durum wheat
varieties in relation to their protein, yellow pigment
and enzyme contents. Food Chemistry, 100, 1243-
1248.
Anonim, 2007. http://www.tmsd.org.
Anonymous, 2008. http://www.fao.org.
Borrelli, G.M., DeLeonardis, A.M., Fares, C., Platani, C.,
and DiFonzo, N., 2003. Effects of modified
processing conditions on oxidative properties of
semolina dough and pasta. Cereal Chemistry, 80,
225-231.
Makarnalık Bugdaylarda Kalite ve Kaliteyi Etkileyen Faktörler
120
Bushuk, W., 1998. Wheat breeding for end-product use.
Euphytica, 100, 137-145.
Cook, R.J., 1993. The classification of wheat cultivars
using a standart reference electroforesis method.
Journal of the National Institute of Agricultural
Botany. 17, 273-281.
D’Egidio, M.G., Mariana, B.M. and Novaro, P., 1993.
Viscoelastograph measures and total organic matter
test: suitability in evaluating textural characterics of
cooked pasta. Cereal Chemistry. 70, 67-72.
D’Ovidio, R., and Macsi, S., 2004. The low-molecularweight
glutenin subunits of wheat gluten. Journal of
Cereal Science, 39, 321-339.
Dziki, D., and Laskowski, J., 2005. Wheat kernel physical
properties and milling process. Acta Agrophysica, 6,
59-71.
Edwards, N.M., Gianibelli, M.C., McCaig, T.N., Clarke,
J.M., Ames, N.P., Larroque, O.R., and Dexter, J.E.,
2007. Relationships between dough strength,
polymeric protein quantity and composition for
diverse durum wheat genotypes. Journal of Cereal
Science, 45, 140-149.
Fares, C., Novembre, G., Di Fonzo, N, Galterio, G. and
Pogna, N.E., 1997. Relationship between storage
protein composition and quality in breeding lines of
durum wheat. Agriculture Mediterranea, 127, 137-
144.
Finney, K.F., Yamazaki, W.T., Youngs, V.L. and
Rubenthaler, G.L., 1987. Quality of hard, soft and
durum wheats. Wheat and Wheat mprovement, 10,
727-741.
Fraignier, M.P., Michaux-Ferriere, N., and Kobrehel, K.,
2000. Distribution of peroxidases in durum wheat
(Triticum durum). Cereal Chemistry, 77, 11-17.
Gupta, R.B., Paul, J.G., Cornish, G.B., Palmer,G.A.,
Bekes, F. and Rathjen, A.J., 1994. Allelic variation
at glutenin subunits and gliadin loci, Glu-1, Glu-3
and Gli-1, of common wheats. Its additive and
interaction effects on dough properties. Journal of
Cereal Science, 19, 9-17.
Hoseney, R.C., 1994. Principles of Cereal Science and
Technology (2nd ed.). American Association of
Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN.
Liu, C.Y., Shepherd, K.W., and Rathjen, A.J., 1996.
Improvement of durum wheat pastamaking and
breadmaking qualities. Cereal Chemistry, 73, 155-
166.
Matsuo, R.R. and Dexter, J.E., 1980. Relationship
between some durum wheat characteristics and
semolina milling properties. Canadian Journal of
Plant Science. 60, 49-53.
Morris, S.R., 2004. Grain: Quality attributes.
Encyclopedia of Grain Science, Eds: Wrigley, C. et
al., Elsevier Ltd., Amsterdam, 238-254.
Payne, P.I., Holt, L.M., Lawrence, G.J. and Law, C.N.,
1982. The genetic of gliadin and glutenin, the major
storage proteins of the wheat endosperm. Qualitas
Plantarum Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 31,
229-241.
Sayaslan, A., 2007. Tahılların kimyasal bilesimi ve kalite,
Ders notları.
Sissons, M., 2004. Pasta. Encyclopedia of Grain Science,
Elsevier Ltd., Amsterdam, 410-418.
Troccoli, A., Borreli, G.M., De Vita, P., Fares, C. and Di
Fonzo, N, 2000. Durum wheat quality: A
multidisciplinary concept. Journal of Cereal Science,
32, 99-113.
Turnbull K.M., and Rahman S., 2002. Endosperm texture
in wheat. Journal of Cereal Science, 36, 327-337.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com