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MACARİSTAN’IN BÜTÜNLEŞME OLGUNLUĞU: MACARİSTAN EKONOMİK ELİTİNİN AVRUPALILAŞMASI

INTEGRATION MATURITY OF HUNGARY: EUROPEANISATION AND ECONOMIC ELITE IN HUNGARY

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Present Hungarian elite was born from process of transformation after 1990. Hungarian economy has become one of the most globalised economies of the world, and integrated to Europe. In business elite two generations are distinguished. The older generation was already in manager or owner position before the system changed, but they did not come from Communist political nomenclature. The second generation finished their university studies in the late 1980s, without any initial capita, and their emergence showed greater similarities to Western contemporaries. Others are present managers and technocrats of big companies (TNCs and national as well), bankers and also from SMEs. The main group is from the political and public administration bureaucracy, who is in important positions at ministries, local authorities or at European institutions. The Hungarian elite is Europeanised, but divided, because some part, particularly national companies and SMEs are negatively affected by process of European integration.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Şuanki Macar eliti 1990 sonrasından yaşanan dönüşüm sürecinden doğmuştur. Macar ekonomisi Avrupa ile bütünleşmiş ve dünyanın en küresel ekonomilerinden biri olmuştur. İş eliti çerçevesinde iki nesil göze çarpmaktadır. Komünist siyasi nomenklatürden gelmeyen eski nesil, sistem değişmeden önce ya kendi işinin sahibi ya da yönetici konumundaydı. Üniversite çalışmalarını 1980’lerin sonlarına doğru bitiren ikinci nesil ise, başlangıç sermayesi olmayıp Batılı çağdaşlarıyla benzer özellikler taşımaktadır. Diğerleri ise büyük şirketlerin (ulusaşırı ve ulusal şirketler) şuanki müdürleri ve teknokratları, bankerler ve KOBİ yöneticileridir. Siyasi ve kamu yönetimi bürokrasisinden gelen büyük grup ise bakanlıklar, yerel yönetimler veya Avrupa kurumlarında önemli mevkilerde bulunmaktadırlar. Macar eliti Avrupalılaşmıştır fakat ulusal şirketler ve KOBİ’ler başta olmak üzere bazı gruplar Avrupa bütünleşmesi sürecinden zarar gördükleri için kendi içinde bölünmüştür.
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