ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLERDE GÜÇ KULLANIMI VE NEW HAVEN EKOLÜ: ELEŞTİREL BİR GİRİŞ

Makalenin İngilizce İsmi: 
The Use Of Force In International Relations And The New Haven Approach: A Critical Introduction
Makale İçerik Bilgileri
Makale Dili: 
Türkçe
Anahtar Kelimeler: 
Uluslararası ilişkiler
uluslararası hukuk
New Haven ekolü
güç kullanımı
demokratik barış.
Türkçe Özet: 

11 Eylül 2001 terörist saldırıları ile sonrasındaki Afganistan ve Irak savaşları gibi
uluslararası gelişmeler, uluslararası hukuka teorik yaklaşımların önemini tekrar gündeme
getirmiştir. Bu makale, New Haven ekolüne eleştirel bir giriş yaparak, bu ekolün temel
varsayımlarını ortaya koymakta ve uluslararası politikadaki etkilerini incelemektedir. New Haven
yaklaşımı, bazı hukukçular ve özellikle Amerikan devlet adamları tarafından benimsenerek, güç
kullanımının meşruluğuna zemin hazırlanmak istenmiştir. Ancak tecrübeler göstermektedir ki,
uluslararası sistemde değişim barışçıl yollarla olabilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, uluslararası sistemin
geliştirilmesi ve demokrasinin yayılması mümkün olmakla birlikte, bu hedeflere güç kullanımıyla
değil, önemli politik konularda devletlerin görüş birliğine varmasını sağlayacak kurumlar
aracılığıyla ulaşılacaktır.

Key Words: 
International relations
international law
New Haven approach
use of force
democratic peace
İngilizce Özet: 

The international developments since the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the United States have
once again made it invaluable to discuss the theoretical approaches to international law as well as
the interaction between values and the means to be followed in order to help create a more orderly
world. This paper specifically deals with the New Haven school and demonstrates that it is a realist
approach to international relations. It discusses the basic premises of the New Haven school as well
as the critique thereof. Special emphasis has been given to the relationship between the assumptions
of the approach on norms and values and the national culture/political system as an obstacle to the
realization of a world order prescribed by the proponents of this approach. It concludes that the
international system might be improved and democracy can be spread to other regions of the world
than the West not through the use of force but thanks to international institutions, which can help
states achieve consensus on critical issues of world politics.
Keywords: International relations, international law, New

Yazar Bilgileri
1. Yazar
Yazar Adı: 
Nejat DOĞAN
Yazar Ünvanı: 
Yardımcı Doçent
Yazar Üniversitesi: 
Erciyes Üniversitesi
Yazar Fakültesi: 
İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi
Makale Künye Bilgisi
Makalenin Yayımlandığı Dergi: 
Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi
Makale Yayın Yılı: 
2009
Cilt/Sayı: 
7
Sayı: 
1
Sayfa Aralığı: 
103-113
Referanslar: 

Anderson, Stanley V. (1963), “A Critique of Professor Myres S. McDougal’s Doctrine of
Interpretation by Major Purposes,” American Journal of International Law, Vol.
57; 378-383.
Beck, Robert J. (1993), The Grenada Invasion: Politics, Law, and Foreign Policy
Decisionmaking, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
Bozeman, A. (1991). “An Introduction to Various Cultural Traditions of International
Law,” Barry E. Carter ve Phillip R. Trimble (Der.), International Law, Little and
Brown, Boston; 887-890.
Caldwell, Dan (1981), American-Soviet Relations from 1947 to the Nixon-Kissinger
Grand Design, Greenwood, Westport.
Carter, Barry E. ve Trimble, Phillip R. (1991), International Law, Little and Brown,
Boston.
Checkel, Jeff (1993), “Ideas, Institutions, and the Gorbachev Foreign Policy Revolution,”
World Politics, Vol. 45 (2); 271-300.
Chen, Lung-Chu (1989), An Introduction to Contemporary International Law: A Policy-
Oriented Perspective, Yale University Press, New Haven.
Currie, Duncan E.J. (2003), “Preventive War and International Law After Iraq,”
http://www.globelaw.com/Iraq/Preventive_war_after_iraq.htm .
Doğan, Nejat (2004), “Machiavellism, Kantian Deontology and the Melian Dialogue: A
Reflection on Morality and the Use of Force,” Ankara Üniversitesi, Dil ve Tarih-
Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 44/1; 65-75.
Dorsey, Gray L. (1988), “The McDougal-Lasswell Proposal to Build a World Public
Order,” American Journal of International Law, Vol.82; 41-51.
Evangelista, Matthew (1995), “The Paradox of State Strength: Transnational Relations,
Domestic Structures, and Security Policy in Russia and the Soviet Union,”
International Organization, Vol. 49 (1); 1-38.
Henkin, Louis (1991), “Use of Force: Law and U.S. Policy,” Barry Carter E. ve Phillip R
Trimble (Der.), International Law; 1233-1241.
Human Rights Watch (2002), “Geneva Conventions Apply to Guantanamo Detainees,”
http://www.hrw.org/press/2002/01/us011102.htm
Kant, Immanuel (1991a), “Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose,”
Hans Reiss (Der.), Kant: Political Writings, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge; 41-53.
Kant, Immanuel (1991b), “Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch,” Hans Reiss (Der.),
Kant: Political Writings, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; 93-130.
Kirkpatrick, Jeane J. ve Gerson, Allan (1991), “The Reagan Doctrine, Human Rights, and
International Law,” Right versus Might, Council on Foreign Relations Press, New York; 19-36.
Kirkpatrick, Jeane J. (1983), The Reagan Phenomenon and Other Speeches on Foreign
Policy, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington, D.C.
Kirkpatrick, Jeane J. (1986), The United States and the World: Setting Limits, American
Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington, D.C.
McDougal, Myres S. and Associates (1960), Studies in World Public Order, Yale
University Press, New Haven.
Scheffer, David J.(1991), “Introduction: The Great Debate of the 1980s,” Right versus
Might, Council on Foreign Relations Press, New York; 1-17.
Tipson, Frederick S. (1974), “The Lasswell-McDougal Enterprise: Toward a World
Public Order of Human Dignity,” Virginia Journal of International Law, Vol.14;
535-585.
UAD (1986a), Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against
Nicaragua, Paragraf 268, Bkz.
http://www.icjcij.
org/icjwww/icases/inus/inus_ijudgment/inus_ijudgment_19860627.pdf
UAD (1986b), Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against
Nicaragua, Paragraf 263, Bkz.
http://www.icjcij.
org/icjwww/icases/inus/inus_ijudgment/inus_ijudgment_19860627.pdf
Vierucci, Luisa (2002), “What Judicial Treatment for the Guantanamo Detainees?”
http://www.germanlawjournal.com/past_issues.php?id=190
Young, Oran R. (1972), “International Law and Social Science: The Contributions of
Myres S. McDougal,” American Journal of International Law, Vol. 60; 60-76.

Türkiye’nin ilk İşletme Fakültesi olan İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi bir ilke daha imza atmaya hazırlanıyor. Arastirmax.com "1. Liselerarası İşletme ve Ekonomi Proje Yarışması"nın sponsorlarından biri olmaktan gurur duymakta.